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                  <text>Presbyterians who favored the religious revivalism of George Whitefield organized a Second Presbyterian Church in Philadelphia in 1743. Second was a “New Side” church as opposed to the “Old Side” First Presbyterian Church. For many years, the congregation worshipped in its building at Third and Arch streets, where the first General Assembly of the Presbyterian Church in the U.S.A. met in 1789. In 1837, the church moved to Seventh and Arch, and in 1872, to 21st and Walnut. In 1949, the congregation united with First Presbyterian Church.&#13;
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                <text>Gilbert Tennent sermons 22, "Sermo preparatoria de modo pangendi cum Deo" (A preparatory sermon on the manner of covenanting with God), 1746</text>
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                <text>Gilbert Tennent (1703-1764) was an Irish-American Presbyterian clergyman, and one of the leaders of the Great Awakening.

Tennent begins this preparatory sermon concerning covenanting with God by citing Exodus 24:8, "And Moses took the blood, and sprinkled it on the people, and said, Behold the blood of the covenant, which the Lord hath made with you concerning all these words." He also references Chronicles and Jeremiah.

From dates noted on the manuscript, it appears that Tennent wrote this speech in 1744, and delivered it again in 1746, 1749, 1750, and 1756.</text>
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                <text>Sermo preparatoria de modo pangendi cum Deo (Sermon of preparation on how to re-establish and make permanent the covenant with God) originally preached in 1746, bears the latest preaching date of Jan. 1764, just after the close of the French and Indian War, years of turbulence with frontier warfare" Native peoples fighting for their homelands and the rivalry of France andBritain for control of North America. The text is taken from Jeremiah, when Assyria has defeated Babylon and released the Israelites from captivity, and they weep, feel remorse, assemble together, and turn toward home after years of exile, eager to make an everlasting covenant with God.

The Latin word "pango" imagines the covenant permanently recorded; one thinks of it publically displayed: physically carved in stone or forged in bronze. The sermon celebrates the seeking of the compact with God rather than with man.

In remembrance of better days before the captivity, and of the exile and troubles they met while not at home, the ancient Israelites felt the need of setting things right all the more. Rev. Tennent matches the grief and anxieties of the long-ago with his own times and in this lengthy sermon urges the utmost penitence and repledging to peace, to God and to the covenant of grace.</text>
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                <text>Gilbert Tennent (1703-1764) was an Irish-American Presbyterian clergyman, and one of the leaders of the Great Awakening.

Tennent begins this sermon with the Bible verse 2 Chronicles 7:14, "If my people, which are called by my name, shall humble themselves, and pray, and seek my face, and turn from their wicked ways; then will I hear from heaven, and will forgive their sin, and will heal their land." He urges his congregation to practice earnest humility and heart-felt prayer, and to strive for serious reformation in the face of troubled times - here identified as warfare with France and the withdrawal of God in dissatisfaction with his followers, who have fallen away from established religion and clear-cut truths into Moravianism and other errors. Tennent reminds the Brethren of their obligations to God and his goodness in the face of man's sinfulness.

From dates noted on the manuscript, it appears Tennent wrote this sermon in 1744, and delivered it again in 1747, 1751, 1755, and 1763.</text>
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                <text>De humiliatione, prece, et reformatione (On humility, prayer, and reformation)

sets forth the three conditions which show repentance under affliction: humility, prayer, and reform, and the three blessings that God offers in response: a hearing, forgiveness, and deliverance.

Humility requires a candid confession of sin, not dissembling it, lying about it, trying to defend it, blaming it on someone else-- when what is required is to bear chastisement patiently. Prayer is an awareness that God has turned his face away from the sufferer; prayer longs for the face of God once more, and the one petitioning must make his case openly and in detail and in lamentation before God, who knows everything already but must hear it from us so that we understand our wrongs clearly and with faith in God's deliverance. Reformation demands that we abjure sin. We must be sincere in our praying so that God hears us and we are not shut out but are forgiven if we mend our ways, otherwise our prayers will have no merit.

This sermon was given under looming threat. There had been intermittent wars with France over whether the French or the British would rule North America.</text>
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