Philadelphia Yearly Meeting of the Religious Society of Friends]]> Philadelphia Yearly Meeting of the Religious Society of Friends]]> Society of Friends--Pennsylvania--Philadelphia]]> Quakers--Pennsylvania--Philadelphia]]> Philadelphia (Pa.)--Genealogy]]> Church committees]]> Church discipline]]> Church finance]]> Church membership]]> Corporate minutes]]> Correspondence]]> Marriage records]]> Persecution]]> Poor]]> Charity]]> Religious education]]> Religious literature]]> Records (Documents)]]> Manuscripts]]> ]]> Christ Church (Philadelphia, Pa.)]]> Parish elections]]> Church records and registers]]> Church finance]]> United Churches of Christ-Church, St. Peter's, and St. James's (Philadelphia, Pa.)]]> Kearsley, John, 1684-1772]]> White, William, 1748-1836]]> United Churches of Christ-Church and St. Peter's (Philadelphia, Pa.)]]> Church management]]> Church fund raising]]> Church committees]]> Church buildings]]> Cemeteries]]> Church bells]]> Poor]]> Charity]]> Hospitals]]> Charters]]> Episcopalians]]> Episcopal Church]]>
Entries include the date and place of the meeting, members attending, and business discussed. Topics include church elections, improvements to buildings and grounds, fundraising efforts, burial requests, and the ongoing operation of Christ Church hospital.

Recorded at the rear of the book are legacies, gifts, and donations made to an assortment of church related funds by various congregation members. Of note is a transcribed copy of Dr. John Kearsley's will. This volume has inserted at page 47 two additional items: a printed excerpt from the minutes of October 30, 1752 and a printed version of Bishop White's sermon delivered on June 21, 1786. Note: Blank pages were not scanned.]]> Minutes (Records)]]> Manuscripts]]> ]]> Philadelphia Yearly Meeting of the Religious Society of Friends]]> Philadelphia Yearly Meeting of the Religious Society of Friends]]> Society of Friends--Pennsylvania--Philadelphia]]> Quakers--Pennsylvania--Philadelphia]]> Philadelphia (Pa.)--Genealogy]]> Corporate minutes]]> Correspondence]]> Church committees]]> Church discipline]]> Church finance]]> Church management]]> Church membership]]> Religious education]]> Temperance]]> Poor]]> Charity]]> African Americans]]> Antislavery movements]]> Religious literature]]> Persecution]]> Records (Documents)]]> Manuscripts]]> Minutes (Records)]]> ]]> Philadelphia Yearly Meeting of the Religious Society of Friends]]> Philadelphia Yearly Meeting of the Religious Society of Friends]]> Society of Friends--Pennsylvania--Philadelphia]]> Quakers--Pennsylvania--Philadelphia]]> Philadelphia (Pa.)--Genealogy]]> Church committees]]> Church discipline]]> Church finance]]> Church membership]]> Corporate minutes]]> Correspondence]]> Marriage records]]> Persecution]]> Poor]]> Charity]]> Religious education]]> Religious literature]]> Records (Documents)]]> Manuscripts]]> ]]> White, William, 1748-1836]]> Christ Church (Philadelphia, Pa.)]]> Sermons]]> United Churches of Christ-Church and St. Peter's (Philadelphia, Pa.)]]> White, William, 1748-1836]]> Episcopalians]]> Mariner's Church (Philadelphia, Pa.)]]> Visitations (Church work)]]> Orphan Society of Philadelphia (Pa.)]]> Charity]]> Episcopal Church]]>
In this bound volume, Reverend White noted additions to sermons he wrote "for the Assylum, for Visitation, and for the Mariner's Church." The "Assylum" was likely the Orphan Assylum, also known as the Orphan Society, and the Mariner's Church was, as its name implies, a church for the seamen who regularly visited the port of Philadelphia.]]> Sermons]]> Manuscripts]]> ]]> White, William, 1748-1836]]> Christ Church (Philadelphia, Pa.)]]> Sermons]]> United Churches of Christ-Church and St. Peter's (Philadelphia, Pa.)]]> White, William, 1748-1836]]> Society of the Protestant Episcopal Church for the Advancement of Christianity in Pennsylvania]]> General Theological Seminary (New York, N.Y.)]]> House of Refuge (Philadelphia, Pa.)]]> Charity]]> Missionaries]]> Orphan Society of Philadelphia (Pa.)]]> Episcopal Church]]>
This text is a collection of additions Reverend White wrote for sermons delivered to "the Advancement Society & the Theological Seminary & Orphan School & H [House] of Refuge." The Advancement Society was a missionary organization, and the House of Refuge was an alternative to prison, meant to reform "juvenille delinquents."]]> Sermons]]> Manuscripts]]> ]]> White, William, 1748-1836]]> Christ Church (Philadelphia, Pa.)]]> Sermons]]> United Churches of Christ-Church and St. Peter's (Philadelphia, Pa.)]]> White, William, 1748-1836]]> Society of the Protestant Episcopal Church for the Advancement of Christianity in Pennsylvania]]> Christianity]]> Confirmation]]> Charity]]> Episcopal Church]]>
In this bound manuscript, Reverend White shares his thoughts on the spread of Christianity, the necessity to fund the Society for the Advancement of Christianity in Pennsylvania, and his thoughts on the Ordinance of Confirmation, the last of which, it is noted, "stood in connection with the last sermon ever preached by Bishop White."]]> Sermons]]> Manuscripts]]> ]]> Monthly Meeting of Friends of Philadelphia]]> Society of Friends--Pennsylvania--Philadelphia]]> Quakers--Pennsylvania--Philadelphia]]> Philadelphia (Pa.)--Genealogy]]> Church management]]> Persecution]]> Corporate minutes]]> African Americans]]> Antislavery movements]]> Church committees]]> Church finance]]> Correspondence]]> Monthly Meeting of Friends of Philadelphia]]> Religious education]]> Temperance]]> Poor]]> Charity]]> Cemeteries]]> Church discipline]]> Records (Documents)]]> Manuscripts]]> ]]> First Baptist Church (Philadelphia, Pa.)]]> First Baptist Church (Philadelphia, Pa.)]]> Church records and registers]]> Corporate minutes]]> Baptists]]> Church finance]]> Church management]]> Church discipline]]> Pews and pew rights]]> Church membership]]> Church fund raising]]> Church committees]]> Church buildings]]> Poor]]> Charity]]> Minutes (Records)]]> Manuscripts]]> ]]> Philadelphia Yearly Meeting of the Religious Society of Friends]]> Philadelphia Yearly Meeting of the Religious Society of Friends]]> Society of Friends--Pennsylvania--Philadelphia]]> Quakers--Pennsylvania--Philadelphia]]> Philadelphia (Pa.)--Genealogy]]> Church committees]]> Church discipline]]> Church finance]]> Church membership]]> Corporate minutes]]> Correspondence]]> Marriage records]]> Persecution]]> Poor]]> Charity]]> Religious education]]> Religious literature]]> Records (Documents)]]> Manuscripts]]> ]]> First Baptist Church (Philadelphia, Pa.)]]> First Baptist Church (Philadelphia, Pa.)]]> Church finance]]> Poverty]]> Poor]]> Charity]]> Baptists]]> Church records and registers]]> Church fund raising]]> Account books]]> Manuscripts]]> ]]> Monthly Meeting of Friends of Philadelphia for the Southern District]]> Monthly Meeting of Friends of Philadelphia for the Southern District]]> Society of Friends--Pennsylvania--Philadelphia]]> Quakers--Pennsylvania--Philadelphia]]> Philadelphia (Pa.)--Genealogy]]> Church finance]]> Church discipline]]> Church membership]]> Religious education]]> Religious literature]]> Persecution]]> Poor]]> Charity]]> African Americans]]> Antislavery movements]]> Church buildings]]> Correspondence]]> Records (Documents)]]> Manuscripts]]> ]]> Third Presbyterian Church (Philadelphia, Pa.)]]> Third Presbyterian Church (Philadelphia, Pa.)]]> Church records and registers]]> Corporate minutes]]> Presbyterians]]> Pews and pew rights]]> Church finance]]> Church committees]]> Church management]]> Church discipline]]> Charity]]> Presbyterian Church]]>
Topics of the meetings generally include the collection of pew rents, settlement of financial accounts, improvements to the buildings and grounds, and management of charitable funds, as well as more specific entries such as the seasonal adjustment of service times and adoption of a new version of the Psalms. Of particular interest are the minutes pertaining to the call for George Duffield to serve as their new pastor, and the resulting rift with First Presbyterian Church.

The bulk of the minutes end on page 168, and pages 174, 175 and 176, which list the books and verses read from during services, are written upside down, so run in reverse chronological order.

Note: Prior to 1797, the Trustees were called "the Committee."]]> Minutes (Records)]]> Manuscripts]]> ]]> First Baptist Church (Philadelphia, Pa.)]]> First Baptist Church (Philadelphia, Pa.)]]> Church records and registers]]> Corporate minutes]]> Baptists]]> Church management]]> Charity]]> Pews and pew rights]]> Church finance]]> Church membership]]> Church fund raising]]> Church discipline]]> Church committees]]> Church buildings]]> Poor]]> Minutes (Records)]]> Manuscripts]]> ]]> Philadelphia Yearly Meeting of the Religious Society of Friends]]> Philadelphia Yearly Meeting of the Religious Society of Friends]]> Society of Friends--Pennsylvania--Philadelphia]]> Quakers--Pennsylvania--Philadelphia]]> Philadelphia (Pa.)--Genealogy]]> Church committees]]> Church discipline]]> Church finance]]> Church membership]]> Corporate minutes]]> Correspondence]]> Marriage records]]> Persecution]]> Poor]]> Charity]]> Religious education]]> Religious literature]]> Records (Documents)]]> Manuscripts]]> ]]> United Churches of Christ-Church and St. Peter's (Philadelphia, Pa.)]]> Peters, Richard, 1704-1776]]> Duche, Jacob, 1737-1798]]> Poor]]> Charity]]> Church finance]]> Christ Church (Philadelphia, Pa.)]]> St. Peter's Church (Philadelphia, Pa.)]]> United Churches of Christ-Church and St. Peter's (Philadelphia, Pa.)]]>
The first letter, dated September 31, 1771, is from Rector Peters and Assistant Minister Jacob Duche to the Bishop of Cork, regarding a relation of the bishop who is a member of their congregation. She traveled to Philadelphia with her husband, who drowned two years previously, and fell on hard times. Peters and Duche request financial assistance on behalf of the widow, so she can set up a shop and support herself.

The second letter, dated June 28, 1771, is to the Reverend Doctor Peters from
Robert Smith, regarding the purchase of a lot of land from the church.]]> Manuscripts]]> Correspondence]]> ]]> First Baptist Church (Philadelphia, Pa.)]]> First Baptist Church (Philadelphia, Pa.)]]> Church finance]]> Poor]]> Poverty]]> Charity]]> Baptists]]> Church records and registers]]> Church fund raising]]> Account books]]> Manuscripts]]> ]]> Philadelphia Yearly Meeting of the Religious Society of Friends]]> Philadelphia Yearly Meeting of the Religious Society of Friends]]> Society of Friends--Pennsylvania--Philadelphia]]> Quakers--Pennsylvania--Philadelphia]]> Philadelphia (Pa.)--Genealogy]]> Church committees]]> Church discipline]]> Church finance]]> Church membership]]> Corporate minutes]]> Correspondence]]> Marriage records]]> Persecution]]> Poor]]> Charity]]> Religious education]]> Religious literature]]> Records (Documents)]]> Manuscripts]]> ]]> Gloria Dei Church (Philadelphia, Pa.)]]> Gloria Dei Church (Philadelphia, Pa.)]]> Corporate minutes]]> Church records and registers]]> Lutherans]]> Church management]]> Charters]]> Wrangel, Carl Magnus, -1786]]> Poor]]> Charity]]> Church finance]]> Church discipline]]> Sweden]]> Church committees]]> Cemeteries]]> Pews and pew rights]]> Lutheran Church]]> Minutes (Records)]]> Manuscripts]]> ]]> Monthly Meeting of Friends of Philadelphia]]> Society of Friends--Pennsylvania--Philadelphia]]> Quakers--Pennsylvania--Philadelphia]]> Philadelphia (Pa.)--Genealogy]]> Church management]]> Persecution]]> Corporate minutes]]> African Americans]]> Antislavery movements]]> Church committees]]> Church finance]]> Correspondence]]> Monthly Meeting of Friends of Philadelphia]]> Religious education]]> Temperance]]> Poor]]> Charity]]> Cemeteries]]> Church discipline]]> Records (Documents)]]> Manuscripts]]> ]]> United Churches of Christ-Church and St. Peter's (Philadelphia, Pa.)]]> Parish elections]]> Church records and registers]]> Church finance]]> Christ Church (Philadelphia, Pa.)]]> St. Peter's Church (Philadelphia, Pa.)]]> American Revolution (1775-1783)]]> Church buildings]]> Church committees]]> Church discipline]]> Church fund raising]]> Church management]]> Church of England]]> American Revolution (United States : 1775-1783)]]> Corporate minutes]]> Episcopalians]]> United Churches of Christ-Church and St. Peter's (Philadelphia, Pa.)]]> Frontier and pioneer life]]> Indians of North America]]> Charters]]> Pews and pew rights]]> Poor]]> Charity]]> African Americans]]> Kearsley, John, 1684-1772]]> Episcopal Church]]>
Other important events and topics include:

The opening of St. Peter's and the establishment of the United Churches of Christ-Church and St. Peter's in 1761, with shared government and finances. Minutes include draft and final versions of the charter for the United Churches.

The response of the United Churches to the 1763 "Indian invasion" of the "back provinces" of Pennsylvania and subsequent correspondence with church officials from York and Cumberland Counties on behalf of "families on the frontier."

The 1763 review and approval of Reverend William Sturgeon's fulfillment of his duty as the "Catechist to the Negroe Children for the Society for Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts."

The 1772 bequest from Dr. John Kearsley that funded the development of the Christ Church Hospital for poor women and widows.

The American Revolution. Minutes from the Vestry meeting of July 4, 1776, when the Vestry resolved at the onset of the American Revolution: "Whereas the Honorable Continental Congress have resolved to declare the American Colonies to be free and independent States, In consequence of which it will be proper to omit those Petitions in the Liturgy wherein the King of Great Britain is prayed for, as inconsistent with the said Declaration. Therefore Resolved, that it appears to this Vestry to be necessary for the peace and well-being of the Churches to omit the said Petitions, and the Rector and Assistant Ministers of the United Churches are requested in the Name of the Vestry and their Constituents to omit such petitions as are above mentioned." (p. 338)

Subsequent minutes reveal effects of the war, including the loss of pew rents after many parishioners fled the city during the British occupation, the damage to church property caused by the British army, and the departure of Reverend Coombe, who could not tolerate the conflict of serving revolutionary subjects while ordained and governed by the Church of England.]]> Minutes (Records)]]> Manuscripts]]> ]]> Philadelphia Yearly Meeting of the Religious Society of Friends]]> Philadelphia Yearly Meeting of the Religious Society of Friends]]> Society of Friends--Pennsylvania--Philadelphia]]> Quakers--Pennsylvania--Philadelphia]]> Philadelphia (Pa.)--Genealogy]]> Church committees]]> Church discipline]]> Church finance]]> Church membership]]> Corporate minutes]]> Correspondence]]> Marriage records]]> Persecution]]> Poor]]> Charity]]> Religious education]]> Religious literature]]> Records (Documents)]]> Manuscripts]]> ]]> First Baptist Church (Philadelphia, Pa.)]]> First Baptist Church (Philadelphia, Pa.)]]> Church records and registers]]> Corporate minutes]]> Baptists]]> Church finance]]> Church buildings]]> Church discipline]]> Church membership]]> Church management]]> Poor]]> Charity]]> Church fund raising]]> Church committees]]> Pews and pew rights]]>
There is an alphabetical index of church members' names at the back of the book.]]> Minutes (Records)]]> Manuscripts]]> ]]> Philadelphia Yearly Meeting of the Religious Society of Friends]]> Philadelphia Yearly Meeting of the Religious Society of Friends]]> Society of Friends--Pennsylvania--Philadelphia]]> Quakers--Pennsylvania--Philadelphia]]> Philadelphia (Pa.)--Genealogy]]> Church committees]]> Church discipline]]> Church finance]]> Church membership]]> Corporate minutes]]> Correspondence]]> Marriage records]]> Persecution]]> Poor]]> Charity]]> Religious education]]> Religious literature]]> Records (Documents)]]> Manuscripts]]> ]]> Philadelphia Yearly Meeting of the Religious Society of Friends]]> Philadelphia Yearly Meeting of the Religious Society of Friends]]> Society of Friends--Pennsylvania--Philadelphia]]> Quakers--Pennsylvania--Philadelphia]]> Philadelphia (Pa.)--Genealogy]]> Corporate minutes]]> Correspondence]]> Church committees]]> Church discipline]]> Church finance]]> Church management]]> Church membership]]> Religious education]]> Temperance]]> Poor]]> Charity]]> African Americans]]> Antislavery movements]]> Religious literature]]> Persecution]]> Records (Documents)]]> Manuscripts]]> Minutes (Records)]]> ]]> Philadelphia Yearly Meeting of the Religious Society of Friends]]> Philadelphia Yearly Meeting of the Religious Society of Friends]]> Society of Friends--Pennsylvania--Philadelphia]]> Quakers--Pennsylvania--Philadelphia]]> Philadelphia (Pa.)--Genealogy]]> Church committees]]> Church discipline]]> Church finance]]> Church membership]]> Corporate minutes]]> Correspondence]]> Marriage records]]> Persecution]]> Poor]]> Charity]]> Religious education]]> Religious literature]]> Records (Documents)]]> Manuscripts]]> ]]> Philadelphia Yearly Meeting of the Religious Society of Friends]]> Philadelphia Yearly Meeting of the Religious Society of Friends]]> Society of Friends--Pennsylvania--Philadelphia]]> Quakers--Pennsylvania--Philadelphia]]> Philadelphia (Pa.)--Genealogy]]> Church committees]]> Church discipline]]> Church finance]]> Church membership]]> Corporate minutes]]> Correspondence]]> Marriage records]]> Persecution]]> Poor]]> Charity]]> Religious education]]> Religious literature]]> Records (Documents)]]> Manuscripts]]> ]]> Philadelphia Yearly Meeting of the Religious Society of Friends]]> Philadelphia Yearly Meeting of the Religious Society of Friends]]> Society of Friends--Pennsylvania--Philadelphia]]> Quakers--Pennsylvania--Philadelphia]]> Philadelphia (Pa.)--Genealogy]]> Church committees]]> Church discipline]]> Church finance]]> Church membership]]> Corporate minutes]]> Correspondence]]> Marriage records]]> Persecution]]> Poor]]> Charity]]> Religious education]]> Religious literature]]> Records (Documents)]]> Manuscripts]]> ]]> Philadelphia Yearly Meeting of the Religious Society of Friends]]> Philadelphia Yearly Meeting of the Religious Society of Friends]]> Society of Friends--Pennsylvania--Philadelphia]]> Quakers--Pennsylvania--Philadelphia]]> Philadelphia (Pa.)--Genealogy]]> Church committees]]> Church discipline]]> Church finance]]> Church membership]]> Corporate minutes]]> Correspondence]]> Marriage records]]> Persecution]]> Poor]]> Charity]]> Religious education]]> Religious literature]]> Records (Documents)]]> Manuscripts]]> ]]> Philadelphia Yearly Meeting of the Religious Society of Friends]]> Philadelphia Yearly Meeting of the Religious Society of Friends]]> Society of Friends--Pennsylvania--Philadelphia]]> Quakers--Pennsylvania--Philadelphia]]> Philadelphia (Pa.)--Genealogy]]> Church committees]]> Church discipline]]> Church finance]]> Church membership]]> Corporate minutes]]> Correspondence]]> Marriage records]]> Persecution]]> Poor]]> Charity]]> Religious education]]> Religious literature]]> Records (Documents)]]> Manuscripts]]> ]]> Christ Church (Philadelphia, Pa.)]]> United Churches of Christ-Church and St. Peter's (Philadelphia, Pa.)]]> United Churches of Christ-Church, St. Peter's, and St. James's (Philadelphia, Pa.)]]> Christ Church (Philadelphia, Pa.)]]> Churchwardens' accounts]]> Church finance]]> Church buildings]]> Cemeteries]]> Charity]]> Poor]]> Episcopalians]]> St. Peter's Church (Philadelphia, Pa.)]]> United Churches of Christ-Church and St. Peter's (Philadelphia, Pa.)]]> United Churches of Christ-Church, St. Peter's, and St. James's (Philadelphia, Pa.)]]> Episcopal Church]]> Manuscripts]]> Account books]]> ]]> Philadelphia Yearly Meeting of the Religious Society of Friends]]> Philadelphia Yearly Meeting of the Religious Society of Friends]]> Society of Friends--Pennsylvania--Philadelphia]]> Quakers--Pennsylvania--Philadelphia]]> Philadelphia (Pa.)--Genealogy]]> Church committees]]> Church discipline]]> Church finance]]> Church membership]]> Corporate minutes]]> Correspondence]]> Marriage records]]> Persecution]]> Poor]]> Charity]]> Religious education]]> Religious literature]]> Records (Documents)]]> Manuscripts]]> ]]> Monthly Meeting of Friends of Philadelphia]]> Society of Friends--Pennsylvania--Philadelphia]]> Quakers--Pennsylvania--Philadelphia]]> Philadelphia (Pa.)--Genealogy]]> Church management]]> Persecution]]> Corporate minutes]]> African Americans]]> Antislavery movements]]> Church committees]]> Church finance]]> Correspondence]]> Monthly Meeting of Friends of Philadelphia]]> Religious education]]> Temperance]]> Poor]]> Charity]]> Cemeteries]]> Church discipline]]> Records (Documents)]]> Manuscripts]]> ]]> Yearly Meeting of Women Friends (Philadelphia]]> Pa.)]]> Yearly Meeting of Women Friends (Philadelphia, Pa.)]]> Society of Friends--Pennsylvania--Philadelphia]]> Quakers--Pennsylvania--Philadelphia]]> Philadelphia (Pa.)--Genealogy]]> Quaker women]]> Women and religion]]> Corporate minutes]]> Indians of North America]]> African Americans]]> Temperance]]> Religious education]]> Correspondence]]> Church committees]]> Church discipline]]> Church finance]]> Church fund raising]]> Persecution]]> Poor]]> Charity]]> Records (Documents)]]> Manuscripts]]> Minutes (Records)]]> ]]> Philadelphia Yearly Meeting of the Religious Society of Friends]]> Philadelphia Yearly Meeting of the Religious Society of Friends]]> Society of Friends--Pennsylvania--Philadelphia]]> Quakers--Pennsylvania--Philadelphia]]> Philadelphia (Pa.)--Genealogy]]> Corporate minutes]]> Correspondence]]> Church committees]]> Church discipline]]> Church finance]]> Church management]]> Church membership]]> Religious education]]> Temperance]]> Poor]]> Charity]]> African Americans]]> Antislavery movements]]> Religious literature]]> Persecution]]> Records (Documents)]]> Manuscripts]]> Minutes (Records)]]> ]]> Gloria Dei Church (Philadelphia, Pa.)]]> Gloria Dei Church (Philadelphia, Pa.)]]> Church records and registers]]> Lutherans]]> Marriage records]]> Burial records]]> Indians of North America]]> Sweden]]> Netherlands]]> Land Settlement]]> Colonies]]> African Americans]]> Rudman, Andrew, 1668-1708]]> Church buildings]]> Cemeteries]]> Pews and pew rights]]> Church finance]]> Registers of births, etc.]]> Church fund raising]]> Poor]]> Charity]]> Clergy]]> Lutheran Church]]>
Meeting minutes for the general parish and church council of Gloria Dei are interspersed with these personal accounts, as well as copies of letters to and from various kings, queens, bishops and archbishops in Europe. Topics covered include: land purchases; the building and upkeep of churches, including Gloria Dei and its cemetery; the need for new ministers and the struggle to house and pay them; the establishment of standards for religious practices in the new land; listings of Swedish families, including information on births, deaths, and marriages; and ongoing relations between the Swedes and their Indian, Dutch and English neighbors, including Quakers and the leaders of Christ Church.

The last third of the book consists of financial accounts kept by Gloria Dei. Sums recorded include Sunday collections, special fundraising efforts, and expenditures for church repair, ministers' travel, and support of the poor and sick in the congregation.

Note: The vast majority of records in this book run to 1760, but several documents at the back of the volume date from the early 1800s.]]> Minutes (Records)]]> Manuscripts]]> ]]> St. Paul's Church (Philadelphia, Pa.)]]> St. Paul's Church (Philadelphia, Pa.)]]> Church finance]]> Church fund raising]]> Charity]]> Episcopalians]]> Episcopal Church]]> Account books]]> Manuscripts]]> ]]>