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                  <text>A monthly meeting at Philadelphia was established along with Philadelphia Quarterly Meeting in 10mo 1682/3. Quakers first met in homes, but the first Bank Meeting House – the “meeting on the Delaware side” – was built late in 1683 or early in 1684, located on the west side of Front Street, north of Mulberry (Arch). A second meeting house was erected in Centre Square by 1687, but this was infrequently used due to its distance from the rapidly developing area along the Delaware. Construction began on the Great Meeting House on the southwest corner of 2nd and Market in 1696. In 1772, this meeting was divided, resulting in two additional monthly meetings in Philadelphia: Philadelphia Monthly Meeting for the Northern District and Philadelphia Monthly Meeting for the Southern District. The original meeting was then sometimes referred to as the "Middle District."</text>
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                <text>HC.PhM.P455.01d.059 (1250/JA4.9.1), HC.PhM.P455.1d.094 (1250/JA5.2)—HC.PhM.P455.1d.104 (1250/JA5.2)</text>
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                  <text>A general meeting for Friends in the Delaware Valley area was first convened at Burlington, New Jersey, in 1681. The first general meeting held in Philadelphia was in 1683, and in 1685, it was agreed that the meetings in New Jersey and Pennsylvania should be combined into one yearly meeting with alternate sessions at Philadelphia and at Burlington. Since 1760, all Philadelphia Yearly Meetings have been held at Philadelphia. At its greatest extent, its territory embraced eastern Pennsylvania, southern New Jersey, Delaware, and parts of Maryland and Virginia.  In 1790, Warrington Quarterly Meeting and Fairfax Quarterly Meeting were transferred to Baltimore Yearly Meeting in exchange for the old meetings on the Eastern Shore of Maryland. In 1819, several components of Western Quarterly Meeting were similarly transferred. The great Separation, which divided much of the Society of Friends across the country, began at the Philadelphia Yearly Meeting of 1827.&#13;
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                <text>Monthly Meeting of Friends of Philadelphia for the Northern District</text>
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                  <text>Notable for its early leadership in Baptist organization and evangelism, the First Baptist Church of Philadelphia was prominent both in its region and city and in the transatlantic community of Baptists.  Begun in 1698 as a mission of the more suburban Pennepack (now, Lower Dublin) Baptist Church, First Baptist soon became the leading congregation for the city, region, and colonies, gaining independent status from Pennepack in 1746. &#13;
&#13;
In 1707 the church hosted the organizing meeting of the Philadelphia Baptist Association, the first lasting inter-regional organization of Baptists in America, and over the years provided a disproportionate share of this group’s officers.  From the beginning, the lives of this association and the First Baptist congregation were intertwined, with the church meeting house hosting meetings of the association and welcoming delegates, called messengers by the Baptists, from as far south as Charleston and as far north as Boston.  By the 1760s, the first decade for which minutes survive, the congregation had gained prominence beyond its modest size, including among the transatlantic Baptist network.  This prominence had to do with its leaders hosting and shaping the role of the Philadelphia Baptist Association, to which far-flung congregations wrote letters that began, “Dear Mother.” &#13;
&#13;
The life of the congregation and its leaders was also intertwined with that of its city, with several ministers taking teaching posts at the University of Pennsylvania, then the College and Academy of Philadelphia.  William Rogers, for example, came from New England to pastor the church but remained in that post for only three years, though active in the congregation and as a supply preacher until his death in 1824.  Like several other Baptist ministers, Rogers served as a military chaplain during the American Revolution, an event that made havoc of the congregation’s finances and leadership.  While these Baptists supported the American rebellion as a fight for necessary liberties, their former pastor Morgan Edwards criticized the rebels until 1775 when he was convinced to revise his opinion.   With his excellent preaching, historical research and publications on early Baptists, and support for formal education leading to the founding and support of Brown University, Edwards embodied the strengths of Baptists.  It was under Edwards’ leadership that First Baptist built a new and larger meeting house at the same time accepting the need to lend their pastor to the larger Baptist cause and arranging for supply preaching while Edwards traveled the colonies as an evangelist, church organizer, and historian of Baptists.  Despite these successful efforts toward gaining respect and leaders for Baptists, Edwards’ connection with the Philadelphia congregation grew strained during the 1780s, largely because Edwards struggled through bouts of drinking and subsequent church meetings for discipline, only being restored to the congregation’s fellowship in late 1788.&#13;
&#13;
When in 1814 Baptists from twelve states gathered to form a national organization in support of Baptist missions, the meeting was at the First Baptist meeting house in Philadelphia, with two of the four officials chosen being laymen from that congregation and a third, William Staughton, a former pastor.  Throughout the next century, the congregation grew in numbers and influence in the city and in national and global mission programs, despite conflicts related to theology, leadership, and relationships with daughter churches, including two competing First African Baptist congregations.  Its early interest in circulating religious pamphlets, as well as Philadelphia’s wealth of printers, made it feasible for American Baptists to locate their publishing operations in the city, where they remained until 1961, when operations moved to a new building and printing plant in Valley Forge.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Minutes Books of First Baptist Church of Philadelphia, A. D. Gillette, editor,&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;Minutes of the Philadelphia Baptist Association from A.D. 1707, to A.D. 1807&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;(Philadelphia: American Baptist Publication Society, 1851),  and William Williams Keen,&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;The Bi-Centennial Celebration of the Founding of the First Baptist Church of the City of Philadelphia&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;(Philadelphia: American Baptist Publication Society, 1899).&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>Congregational minutes include dates of meetings, members present, and business conducted from 1806 to 1813. Topics include but are not limited to: income from pew rents, house rents, legacies, and donations; baptism, dismission, and transfer of members; exclusion of members for bad behavior and readmission upon repentance; repairs and improvements to buildings and grounds, including fundraising for enlargement of the meeting house; payments to the minister and the appointment of a librarian; purchases of firewood, candles, and curtains; and charity for the poor, including funeral expenses for orphans and the loan of stoves to recent widows.</text>
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                  <text>Presbyterians began gathering for worship in Philadelphia in 1692, sharing a building known as the "Barbadoes Warehouse" at Second and Chestnut streets with Baptists and Congregationalists. In 1698, the congregation officially organized as the First Presbyterian Church of Philadelphia. Six years later, the congregation moved to High Street (now Market Street) at the corner of Bank Street, and built the first Presbyterian church building in the city, known as "Old Buttonwood." Both the first American presbytery and the first synod met in this church building. In 1820, the church moved to a new building on the south side of Washington Square where it remained until the late 1920s, when it moved to 15th and Locust streets. In 1949, First and Second Presbyterian Churches united as First with the congregation moving into the Second Presbyterian Church building at 21st and Walnut streets, where the congregation continues today.&#13;
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Business includes elections to office and appointments to committees; management of church finances, including the funding of missionary work and financial assistance to the poor; and the resolution of conflicts between, and discipline of, church members.

The history of First Presbyterian is sketched out on the verso of the first flyleaf, and the first few pages of the notebook contains a list of members from 1807. A list of communicants runs from image 116 to image 147, followed by several pages of certifications for members in good standing, and a list of members who had moved to other churches.</text>
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                  <text>Third Presbyterian Church began in 1761 as an extension of First Presbyterian Church, located in a house at Second and South streets. In 1768, the congregation of Third Church moved into their new building at 4th and Pine streets. The church called George Duffield as their new pastor in 1771, without the concurrence of First Church. The resulting rift cemented the split between First and Third. The congregation still worships at 4th and Pine today although the building has been extensively renovated since colonial times. The church is popularly known as “Old Pine” while its official name is Third, Scots and Mariners Presbyterian Church, reflecting two of the mergers that comprise the continuing church.&#13;
&#13;
Records scanned for this project include trustees minutes and pew records.</text>
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                <text>The Session is a body of elected elders governing a Presbyterian church. 

This manuscript begins with a brief history of Third Presbyterian, followed by an alphabetical list of "members in full communion." Meeting minutes begin on image 19 and run from 1809 to 1828. Each entry notes the date, members present, and business discussed. 

Business includes: elections to office and appointments to committees; management of church finances, including financial assistance to the poor; church membership; and the resolution of conflicts between, and discipline of, church members.

Please note there are some page numbering irregularities in the original manuscript; image numbers will provide better identification of each page.</text>
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                  <text>In 1760 a group of congregants from Christ Church, supporters of the Rev.  William Macclanachan, an Anglican minister of evangelical leanings, formed a new church, seceded from Christ Church.  They drafted articles of agreement for a new church St. Paul’s and promptly set about raising funds to construct it.  Built on Third Street, below Walnut, St. Paul’s opened for services in 1762 and remained an active congregation throughout the nineteenth century. The Church’s building still stands, now home to Episcopal Community Services.  St. Paul’s records, housed at the Episcopal Diocesan Archives include vestry minutes, baptismal, marriage and burial records  as well as some financial records.</text>
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                <text>Minutes of the meetings of the St. Paul's vestry, from 1810 to 1829. Each entry includes the date of the meeting, members present, and business discussed. Topics include but are not limited to: vestry elections; appointment of wardens and sextons; various committee assignments; management of financial accounts, including loans, investments and bequests; management of pew assignments; management of the cemetery; mediation of interpersonal disputes between church members; upkeep of and improvements to the buildings and grounds; the continued quest to secure a church organ; and continued support for the church school and house for aged widows.</text>
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                <text>The monthly business meeting is the basic unit of Quaker organization. In the 17th and 18th centuries, only members in good standing could participate. Men and women met separately to conduct business but worshipped together. The business meeting usually included Friends who might worship in several different meeting houses in a defined geographic area. It had responsibility for care of members, authorizing marriages and removals (transfers), and maintaining discipline.</text>
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                  <text>Congregation Mikveh Israel (officially Kahal Kadosh Mikveh Israel), known as the "Synagogue of the American Revolution" is one of the most historic Congregations of Jews in the United States. The oldest Congregation in Philadelphia, Mikveh Israel was informally established by religious minded Jews in British America during the 1740s, and has become the second-oldest surviving Congregation in all of the United States. In Pennsylvania, and Philadelphia in particular, Jews found an environment of tolerance for their religious beliefs and traditions made possible by William Penn's 'great experiment'. The possibilities of economic and religious liberties in Philadelphia drew many Jews to the area, and by 1775 a community 300 strong existed in a city of 35,000.&#13;
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During the war of Independence, 1775-1783, Jews from New York, Easton, Lancaster, Richmond, Charleston and Savannah sought refuge in Philadelphia from the British occupation.  Many members joined the ranks of the Patriots and fought for the revolutionary cause.&#13;
&#13;
In 1782, the Congregation dedicated a new building on Cherry Street that sat 200 persons and had accommodations for the clergy adjoining it. In 1829 the congregation built an Egyptian Revival synagogue on Cherry Street. Designed by William Strickland, it is notable for having been one of the earliest Egyptian Revival buildings in the United States.  After moving out of Center City, along with much of Philadelphia's population in the first half of the 20th century, the Congregation announced in 1961 that it would return to construct a new house of worship. A modest building, initially shared between the Synagogue and the Museum of Jewish History, was dedicated and opened in August 1976. &#13;
&#13;
Among items in the archives of Congregation Mikveh Israel are letters written by George Washington and Abraham Lincoln, and a public subscription list for the 1782 building signed by Benjamin Franklin, David Rittenhouse, and other civic leaders.   Several notable ritual items also exist, including ornamental bells (“rimmonim”) crafted by renown silversmith Myer Myers.&#13;
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Note: Some years are cited using the Hebrew calendar.</text>
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                  <text>Third Presbyterian Church began in 1761 as an extension of First Presbyterian Church, located in a house at Second and South streets. In 1768, the congregation of Third Church moved into their new building at 4th and Pine streets. The church called George Duffield as their new pastor in 1771, without the concurrence of First Church. The resulting rift cemented the split between First and Third. The congregation still worships at 4th and Pine today although the building has been extensively renovated since colonial times. The church is popularly known as “Old Pine” while its official name is Third, Scots and Mariners Presbyterian Church, reflecting two of the mergers that comprise the continuing church.&#13;
&#13;
Records scanned for this project include trustees minutes and pew records.</text>
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                  <text>Presbyterians began gathering for worship in Philadelphia in 1692, sharing a building known as the "Barbadoes Warehouse" at Second and Chestnut streets with Baptists and Congregationalists. In 1698, the congregation officially organized as the First Presbyterian Church of Philadelphia. Six years later, the congregation moved to High Street (now Market Street) at the corner of Bank Street, and built the first Presbyterian church building in the city, known as "Old Buttonwood." Both the first American presbytery and the first synod met in this church building. In 1820, the church moved to a new building on the south side of Washington Square where it remained until the late 1920s, when it moved to 15th and Locust streets. In 1949, First and Second Presbyterian Churches united as First with the congregation moving into the Second Presbyterian Church building at 21st and Walnut streets, where the congregation continues today.&#13;
&#13;
Records scanned for this project include congregation minutes, pew records, and lists of burials.</text>
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                <text>The Session is a body of elected elders governing a Presbyterian church.

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Session minutes begin on image 90. They run from 1830 to 1851, and note the date, members present, and business discussed.

Business includes elections to office and appointments to committees; management of church finances, including financial assistance to the poor; church membership; and the resolution of conflicts between, and discipline of, church members.</text>
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                <text>Includes a summary of events, compiled by pastor Edmund de Schweinitz for the years 1842 to 1854, in the time after pastor David Bigler's calling to First Moravian Church, New York, NY. According to the account provided here by Schweinitz, no congregational diary was kept during this time. From 1855-1866, a complete diary was again kept by ministers of the congregation.

Topics covered include but are not limited to: descriptions of services &amp; sermons; confirmations, marriages, receptions of new members, and deaths in the congregation; prayer meetings, congregational meetings, and love feasts; the arrival of new ministers; the practice of "pulpit exchange" with other denominations; fundraising for causes such as the Sunday School and missionary work; and the American Civil War.

Inserted printed materials include programs for church events such as the cornerstone ceremonies of 1855 and 1866, and news clippings on the Emancipation Proclamation.</text>
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            <name>Spatial Coverage</name>
            <description>Spatial characteristics of the resource.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="316028">
                <text>Pennsylvania--Philadelphia</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="63">
            <name>Extent</name>
            <description>The size or duration of the resource.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>269 pages</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="64">
            <name>Medium</name>
            <description>The material or physical carrier of the resource.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Manuscripts</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="316031">
                <text>Diaries</text>
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          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>tiff</text>
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          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="316033">
                <text>http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</text>
              </elementText>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>eng</text>
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                <text>First Moravian Church, Philadelphia, PA</text>
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            <name>Rights Holder</name>
            <description>A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="316037">
                <text>Moravian Archives</text>
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          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
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                <text>First Moravian Church (Philadelphia, Pa.)</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
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                <text>First Moravian Church (Philadelphia, Pa.)</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="316040">
                <text>Moravian Church</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="316041">
                <text>Moravians</text>
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                <text>Sermons</text>
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                <text>Confirmation</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="316044">
                <text>Church membership</text>
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                <text>Church meetings</text>
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                <text>Love feasts</text>
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                <text>Church schools</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="316048">
                <text>Missionaries</text>
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                <text>American Civil War (United States : 1861-1865)</text>
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              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                  <text>First Moravian Church, Philadelphia, PA</text>
                </elementText>
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              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                  <text>First Moravian Church, Philadelphia, PA</text>
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              <name>Description</name>
              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>In 1742, the Moravian Church began holding services in Philadelphia under the leadership of Nikolaus Ludwig von Zinzendorf. On New Year’s Day in 1743, 34 members organized as a Moravian congregation in a new church building in Old City, at the corner of Race and Bread Streets. In 1820, the original church building was enlarged and remodeled. In 1856, a second church building was dedicated by the congregation, on Franklin and Wood Streets. A third and final church building was dedicated in 1893 on Fairmount Avenue, between 16th and 17th Streets, where it remained until the congregation’s official closing in 1965. Today, Redeemer Moravian Church continues the Moravian tradition in Southwest Philadelphia. Select archival records from this massive collection (54 boxes) of First Moravian Church were scanned as part of this project and include diaries, minutes, membership lists, church registers, and drawings.</text>
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          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Membership catalog, 1849-1853</text>
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          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>Moravian.MC_Phila_I_540</text>
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            <name>Has Format</name>
            <description>A related resource that is substantially the same as the pre-existing described resource, but in another format.</description>
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                <text>https://www.philageohistory.org/rdic-images/iiif.cfm/Moravian.MC_Phila_I_540/manifest</text>
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            <name>Has Version</name>
            <description>A related resource that is a version, edition, or adaptation of the described resource.</description>
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                <text>thumb:001:https://www.philageohistory.org/rdic-images/common/get-jpeg-small.cfm/Moravian.MC_Phila_I_540.001.jpg</text>
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                <text>full:001:https://www.philageohistory.org/rdic-images/common/get-jpeg-book.cfm/Moravian.MC_Phila_I_540.001.jpg</text>
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            <name>Alternative Title</name>
            <description>An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific.</description>
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                <text>Membership catalog of First Moravian Church of Philadelphia, 1849-1853</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>1849/1853</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Titled in English on front cover, "Church Book." Members are listed in groups, with communicants listed first, followed by society members, and both groups further subdivided by sex and marital status. Next children are listed, also divided by sex. Entries include individual's names and dates of birth; some entries also include dates of baptism and confirmation. 

The manuscript begins with an index that covers the first and largest grouping of entries. Several updated catalogs are recorded throughout the manuscript, and friends of the congregation who were not members are listed on pages 120-121.</text>
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            <name>Spatial Coverage</name>
            <description>Spatial characteristics of the resource.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="316335">
                <text>Pennsylvania--Philadelphia</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="63">
            <name>Extent</name>
            <description>The size or duration of the resource.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>127 pages</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="64">
            <name>Medium</name>
            <description>The material or physical carrier of the resource.</description>
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                <text>Manuscripts</text>
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                <text>Registers (Lists)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="42">
            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="316339">
                <text>tiff</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="47">
            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="316340">
                <text>http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>eng</text>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>Text</text>
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            <name>Is Part Of</name>
            <description>A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>First Moravian Church, Philadelphia, PA</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="91">
            <name>Rights Holder</name>
            <description>A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="316344">
                <text>Moravian Archives</text>
              </elementText>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>First Moravian Church (Philadelphia, Pa.)</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Moravian Church</text>
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                <text>Moravians</text>
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                <text>First Moravian Church (Philadelphia, Pa.)</text>
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                <text>Church membership</text>
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                <text>Registers of births, etc.</text>
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                <text>Baptismal records</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="316352">
                <text>Confirmation records</text>
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</itemContainer>
