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                <text>The practice of renting pews was common in 18th and 19th century churches; members paid a fee for the right to occupy a particular pew every week. This bound manuscript is a record of pew rents due to St. Peter's Church in March 1828. Entries are listed by pew number, with occupants' names, number of seats rented, rent rate, arrears, total owed and amount paid.</text>
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                  <text>Founded in 1695, Christ Church was the first Anglican church to be established in Pennsylvania. This fulfilled the provision outlined by King Charles II in the charter he granted to William Penn in 1681 stipulating that if twenty individuals requested an Anglican clergyman the Bishop of London would appoint one. Accordingly, thirty-nine Philadelphians came together in 1695 to form Christ Church. Located on Second Street, just north of Market Street the Church transitioned from a small frame structure in its early years to the imposing Georgian structure built from 1727-1754 that still stands on the site today. Members of the Continental Congress and early government officials worshipped here and seven signers of the Declaration of Independence are buried on Church property. When the congregation grew too large to be accommodated here the vestry built St. Peter's at the southern edge of the city in 1760 and later St. James. Those United Churches remained a unit until the 1820s and 1830s. Christ Church is an active Episcopal parish today as well as a major historic site.&#13;
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                <text>Philip Bearcroft, secretary of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts, writes from the London Charterhouse to the churchwardens and vestry of Christ Church, Philadelphia, concerning William Sturgeon's appointment as assistant to the rector in religious offices.

Bearcroft states that the Society has consented to the vestry's request, appointing Sturgeon while relying on Christ Church's promise to supplement the Society's annual £30 salary for his work as catechist to Black people, so that he may have a comfortable and decent maintenance.</text>
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                <text>The document is a letter addressed to the churchwardens and vestry of Christ Church in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and docketed as Dr. Bearcroft's letter concerning William Sturgeon's appointment [p. 1r]. Philip Bearcroft writes on behalf of the Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts, stating that the Society has agreed to appoint Sturgeon as assistant to the rector of Christ Church in the offices of religion [p. 1v]. Bearcroft notes that this appointment depends on the vestry's promise to add to the Society's £30 annual salary for Sturgeon's work as catechist to Black people, so that Sturgeon may receive a comfortable and decent maintenance [p. 1v]. Bearcroft expresses confidence that the vestry will fulfill this promise liberally and hopes that Sturgeon's conduct, diligence, and good life will merit their support [p. 1v]. The letter is dated London Charterhouse, May 28, 1747, and signed by Bearcroft as secretary [p. 1v].</text>
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                  <text>Congregation Mikveh Israel (officially Kahal Kadosh Mikveh Israel), known as the "Synagogue of the American Revolution" is one of the most historic Congregations of Jews in the United States. The oldest Congregation in Philadelphia, Mikveh Israel was informally established by religious minded Jews in British America during the 1740s, and has become the second-oldest surviving Congregation in all of the United States. In Pennsylvania, and Philadelphia in particular, Jews found an environment of tolerance for their religious beliefs and traditions made possible by William Penn's 'great experiment'. The possibilities of economic and religious liberties in Philadelphia drew many Jews to the area, and by 1775 a community 300 strong existed in a city of 35,000.&#13;
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During the war of Independence, 1775-1783, Jews from New York, Easton, Lancaster, Richmond, Charleston and Savannah sought refuge in Philadelphia from the British occupation.  Many members joined the ranks of the Patriots and fought for the revolutionary cause.&#13;
&#13;
In 1782, the Congregation dedicated a new building on Cherry Street that sat 200 persons and had accommodations for the clergy adjoining it. In 1829 the congregation built an Egyptian Revival synagogue on Cherry Street. Designed by William Strickland, it is notable for having been one of the earliest Egyptian Revival buildings in the United States.  After moving out of Center City, along with much of Philadelphia's population in the first half of the 20th century, the Congregation announced in 1961 that it would return to construct a new house of worship. A modest building, initially shared between the Synagogue and the Museum of Jewish History, was dedicated and opened in August 1976. &#13;
&#13;
Among items in the archives of Congregation Mikveh Israel are letters written by George Washington and Abraham Lincoln, and a public subscription list for the 1782 building signed by Benjamin Franklin, David Rittenhouse, and other civic leaders.   Several notable ritual items also exist, including ornamental bells (“rimmonim”) crafted by renown silversmith Myer Myers.&#13;
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&#13;
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&#13;
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&#13;
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                  <text>Gloria Dei Church, Philadelphia, PA</text>
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              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                  <text>In the 17th century Swedish settlers landed on the banks of the Delaware River establishing churches in Wilmington,  Tinicum and by the mid-17th century in Wicaco outside of what would become Philadelphia. That latter church, Gloria Dei, is Pennsylvania’s oldest congregation.  The existing church was built between 1698 and 1700 and originally served  a Swedish Lutheran  congregation.  The church today is part of the Episcopal Diocese and a national historic site.   Archival records scanned as part of this project include vestry minutes, registers, financial, correspondence between the original Swedish parishes and the churches in Philadelphia, Delaware and New Jersey as well as their "miscellaneous records." </text>
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            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Poor box receipts, 1800-1806</text>
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            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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            <description>A related resource that is substantially the same as the pre-existing described resource, but in another format.</description>
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            <description>A related resource that is a version, edition, or adaptation of the described resource.</description>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>"Account of the Box-money, being collection for the Poor that belong to the Congregation, on Sundays, during Divine Service: from the beginning of the year 1800, til the beginning of May 1806."

Entries are listed by month, with each Sunday's total pounds, shillings and dollars added into a monthly sum. Often an explanation is provided for low sums collected, usually bad weather and subsequent low attendance.

Expenditures are listed by year and include cords of firewood for the sickly during winter, and cash gifts to individuals such as detained sailors, widows, and disabled parishioners.</text>
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            <description>Spatial characteristics of the resource.</description>
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                <text>Pennsylvania--Philadelphia</text>
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            <description>The size or duration of the resource.</description>
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            <description>The material or physical carrier of the resource.</description>
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                <text>Registers (Lists)</text>
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                <text>Manuscripts</text>
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            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="317509">
                <text>http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>eng</text>
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            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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            <description>A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.</description>
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                <text>Gloria Dei Church, Philadelphia, PA</text>
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            <name>Rights Holder</name>
            <description>A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource.</description>
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                <text>Gloria Dei Church, Philadelphia, PA</text>
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            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>Gloria Dei Church (Philadelphia, Pa.)</text>
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            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Gloria Dei Church (Philadelphia, Pa.)</text>
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                <text>Church records and registers</text>
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                <text>Poor</text>
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                <text>Lutherans</text>
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                <text>Yellow fever</text>
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                <text>Lutheran Church</text>
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  <item itemId="302" public="1" featured="1">
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              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                  <text>First Presbyterian Church, Philadelphia, PA</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Presbyterians began gathering for worship in Philadelphia in 1692, sharing a building known as the "Barbadoes Warehouse" at Second and Chestnut streets with Baptists and Congregationalists. In 1698, the congregation officially organized as the First Presbyterian Church of Philadelphia. Six years later, the congregation moved to High Street (now Market Street) at the corner of Bank Street, and built the first Presbyterian church building in the city, known as "Old Buttonwood." Both the first American presbytery and the first synod met in this church building. In 1820, the church moved to a new building on the south side of Washington Square where it remained until the late 1920s, when it moved to 15th and Locust streets. In 1949, First and Second Presbyterian Churches united as First with the congregation moving into the Second Presbyterian Church building at 21st and Walnut streets, where the congregation continues today.&#13;
&#13;
Records scanned for this project include congregation minutes, pew records, and lists of burials.</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Proposals for First Presbyterian Church, 1793</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>PHS.ProposalsforFirstChurch1793</text>
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            <description>A related resource that is substantially the same as the pre-existing described resource, but in another format.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>https://www.philageohistory.org/rdic-images/iiif.cfm/PHS.ProposalsforFirstChurch1793/manifest</text>
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            <description>A related resource that is a version, edition, or adaptation of the described resource.</description>
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            <description>A related resource that references, cites, or otherwise points to the described resource.</description>
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                <text>RG 35-3-13</text>
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            <description>An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific.</description>
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                <text>Proposals for First Church, 1793-1796</text>
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            <description>A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource</description>
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                <text>1793/1796</text>
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            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Five letters related to the rebuilding of First Presbyterian church: William Ruddack's accounting of his fundraising for the rebuilding from 1793 to 1796; John Johnston's 1793 proposal for plastering work, 1794 letter following up and 1796 bill for services rendered; and a proposal from Lawrence Allman and Rich Guy to do brick and stone work, dated 1793.</text>
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            <description>Spatial characteristics of the resource.</description>
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                <text>Pennsylvania--Philadelphia</text>
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            <name>Extent</name>
            <description>The size or duration of the resource.</description>
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            <description>The material or physical carrier of the resource.</description>
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                <text>Correspondence</text>
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            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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            <description>A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.</description>
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                <text>First Presbyterian Church, Philadelphia, PA</text>
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            <name>Rights Holder</name>
            <description>A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource.</description>
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                <text>Presbyterian Historical Society</text>
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                <text>First Presbyterian Church (Philadelphia, Pa.)</text>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>First Presbyterian Church (Philadelphia, Pa.)</text>
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                <text>Church finance</text>
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                <text>Church buildings</text>
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                <text>Church fund raising</text>
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                <text>Presbyterian Church</text>
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                  <text>Founded in 1695, Christ Church was the first Anglican church to be established in Pennsylvania. This fulfilled the provision outlined by King Charles II in the charter he granted to William Penn in 1681 stipulating that if twenty individuals requested an Anglican clergyman the Bishop of London would appoint one. Accordingly, thirty-nine Philadelphians came together in 1695 to form Christ Church. Located on Second Street, just north of Market Street the Church transitioned from a small frame structure in its early years to the imposing Georgian structure built from 1727-1754 that still stands on the site today. Members of the Continental Congress and early government officials worshipped here and seven signers of the Declaration of Independence are buried on Church property. When the congregation grew too large to be accommodated here the vestry built St. Peter's at the southern edge of the city in 1760 and later St. James. Those United Churches remained a unit until the 1820s and 1830s. Christ Church is an active Episcopal parish today as well as a major historic site.&#13;
&#13;
The records consist of vestry minutes, parish records, accounting and financial records, deeds, architectural drawings, photographs, and audiovisual materials. In addition, there are materials from parish organizations and affiliated institutions such as Christ Church Hospital, Episcopal School, Christ Church Burial Ground, and Christ Church Preservation Trust.</text>
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                <text>Psalm Tunes, 1763</text>
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            <description>A related resource that is substantially the same as the pre-existing described resource, but in another format.</description>
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                <text>1763</text>
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                <text>Formally titled, "A Collection of Psalm Tunes, with a few Anthems and Hymns, Some of them Entirely New, for the Use Of the United Churches of Christ Church and St. Peter's Church in Philadelphia." The text includes "A Short Introduction To The Art of Psalmody," with explanations of note lengths, cliffs (clefs), musical time, pauses/rests, sharps, flats and natural notes, special character notations, bars, and intonation.</text>
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                <text>Songbooks</text>
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                  <text>Founded in 1695, Christ Church was the first Anglican church to be established in Pennsylvania. This fulfilled the provision outlined by King Charles II in the charter he granted to William Penn in 1681 stipulating that if twenty individuals requested an Anglican clergyman the Bishop of London would appoint one. Accordingly, thirty-nine Philadelphians came together in 1695 to form Christ Church. Located on Second Street, just north of Market Street the Church transitioned from a small frame structure in its early years to the imposing Georgian structure built from 1727-1754 that still stands on the site today. Members of the Continental Congress and early government officials worshipped here and seven signers of the Declaration of Independence are buried on Church property. When the congregation grew too large to be accommodated here the vestry built St. Peter's at the southern edge of the city in 1760 and later St. James. Those United Churches remained a unit until the 1820s and 1830s. Christ Church is an active Episcopal parish today as well as a major historic site.&#13;
&#13;
The records consist of vestry minutes, parish records, accounting and financial records, deeds, architectural drawings, photographs, and audiovisual materials. In addition, there are materials from parish organizations and affiliated institutions such as Christ Church Hospital, Episcopal School, Christ Church Burial Ground, and Christ Church Preservation Trust.</text>
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                <text>Treasury warrant from Queen Anne, continuing a previous warrant from King William, allowing Christ Church to pay annual salaries of 50 pounds to a Protestant minister and 30 pounds to a schoolmaster, to be paid with one penny per each pound of tobacco duties collected in Pennsylvania.</text>
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                  <text>In 1760 a group of congregants from Christ Church, supporters of the Rev.  William Macclanachan, an Anglican minister of evangelical leanings, formed a new church, seceded from Christ Church.  They drafted articles of agreement for a new church St. Paul’s and promptly set about raising funds to construct it.  Built on Third Street, below Walnut, St. Paul’s opened for services in 1762 and remained an active congregation throughout the nineteenth century. The Church’s building still stands, now home to Episcopal Community Services.  St. Paul’s records, housed at the Episcopal Diocesan Archives include vestry minutes, baptismal, marriage and burial records  as well as some financial records.</text>
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                <text>Receipt book, 1794-1809</text>
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            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>Record of payments received and made by St. Paul's from 1794 to 1809. Entries are listed by date, and include the payee's name, amount paid, purpose of the payment, and signature of the church official who accepted or disbursed the payment. Some of the payments received by the church are charitable donations, and others are payments due, for example, for rents. Outgoing payments by the church include employee's salaries and repairs and additions to the buildings and grounds.</text>
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                  <text>In the 17th century Swedish settlers landed on the banks of the Delaware River establishing churches in Wilmington,  Tinicum and by the mid-17th century in Wicaco outside of what would become Philadelphia. That latter church, Gloria Dei, is Pennsylvania’s oldest congregation.  The existing church was built between 1698 and 1700 and originally served  a Swedish Lutheran  congregation.  The church today is part of the Episcopal Diocese and a national historic site.   Archival records scanned as part of this project include vestry minutes, registers, financial, correspondence between the original Swedish parishes and the churches in Philadelphia, Delaware and New Jersey as well as their "miscellaneous records." </text>
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                <text>Receipt book, 1801-1811</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>GloriaDei.Receipts</text>
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                <text>https://www.philageohistory.org/rdic-images/iiif.cfm/GloriaDei.Receipts/manifest</text>
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The prominent African American abolitionist and clergyman Absalom Jones is listed throughout text, as are prominent Philadelphia businessmen and donors such as William Gray, John Nicholson and Robert Ralston.</text>
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                  <text>Founded in 1695, Christ Church was the first Anglican church to be established in Pennsylvania. This fulfilled the provision outlined by King Charles II in the charter he granted to William Penn in 1681 stipulating that if twenty individuals requested an Anglican clergyman the Bishop of London would appoint one. Accordingly, thirty-nine Philadelphians came together in 1695 to form Christ Church. Located on Second Street, just north of Market Street the Church transitioned from a small frame structure in its early years to the imposing Georgian structure built from 1727-1754 that still stands on the site today. Members of the Continental Congress and early government officials worshipped here and seven signers of the Declaration of Independence are buried on Church property. When the congregation grew too large to be accommodated here the vestry built St. Peter's at the southern edge of the city in 1760 and later St. James. Those United Churches remained a unit until the 1820s and 1830s. Christ Church is an active Episcopal parish today as well as a major historic site.&#13;
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The records consist of vestry minutes, parish records, accounting and financial records, deeds, architectural drawings, photographs, and audiovisual materials. In addition, there are materials from parish organizations and affiliated institutions such as Christ Church Hospital, Episcopal School, Christ Church Burial Ground, and Christ Church Preservation Trust.</text>
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                <text>This document is a recommendation letter dated April 3, 1826, addressed to the Wardens and Vestry of St. Peter's Church, Philadelphia [Image 1]. The undersigned, identifying themselves as the Vestry of Trinity Church Southwark, recommend Mr. William Brown as a suitable person for the office of Sexton at St. Peter's Church [Image 1]. The letter bears the signatures of Trinity Church Wardens Joseph Huddell and George [?], as well as vestry members Walter Thompson, Robert Burton, Geo Eyre, Peter Wallington, A. Stotesbury, M. D. Lewis, Thomas Morgan, and J. P. Colcord [Image 1]. Additional signatories connected with St. Peter's Church include Daniel Carman, Malcolm McVeran, Wm S. Smith, and Chas S. Smith [Image 1].</text>
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                  <text>Congregation Mikveh Israel (officially Kahal Kadosh Mikveh Israel), known as the "Synagogue of the American Revolution" is one of the most historic Congregations of Jews in the United States. The oldest Congregation in Philadelphia, Mikveh Israel was informally established by religious minded Jews in British America during the 1740s, and has become the second-oldest surviving Congregation in all of the United States. In Pennsylvania, and Philadelphia in particular, Jews found an environment of tolerance for their religious beliefs and traditions made possible by William Penn's 'great experiment'. The possibilities of economic and religious liberties in Philadelphia drew many Jews to the area, and by 1775 a community 300 strong existed in a city of 35,000.&#13;
&#13;
During the war of Independence, 1775-1783, Jews from New York, Easton, Lancaster, Richmond, Charleston and Savannah sought refuge in Philadelphia from the British occupation.  Many members joined the ranks of the Patriots and fought for the revolutionary cause.&#13;
&#13;
In 1782, the Congregation dedicated a new building on Cherry Street that sat 200 persons and had accommodations for the clergy adjoining it. In 1829 the congregation built an Egyptian Revival synagogue on Cherry Street. Designed by William Strickland, it is notable for having been one of the earliest Egyptian Revival buildings in the United States.  After moving out of Center City, along with much of Philadelphia's population in the first half of the 20th century, the Congregation announced in 1961 that it would return to construct a new house of worship. A modest building, initially shared between the Synagogue and the Museum of Jewish History, was dedicated and opened in August 1976. &#13;
&#13;
Among items in the archives of Congregation Mikveh Israel are letters written by George Washington and Abraham Lincoln, and a public subscription list for the 1782 building signed by Benjamin Franklin, David Rittenhouse, and other civic leaders.   Several notable ritual items also exist, including ornamental bells (“rimmonim”) crafted by renown silversmith Myer Myers.&#13;
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                <text>Record of prayers, circumcisions, marriages and deaths, kept by Reverend Jacob Raphael Cohen and continued by others after his death, 1776-1843</text>
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                <text>Jacob Raphael Cohen was the second minister of Congregation Mikveh Israel, serving from 1784 until his death in 1811. Prior to coming to Philadelphia, he served as hazzan of Congregation Shearith Israel in Montreal and Congregation Shearith Israel in New York.

Cohen began this record book in 1776, writing from the front as well as from the back, and his entries record events in Montreal and New York, as well as a few other locations, in addition to Philadelphia. He wrote in English and Hebrew. After Cohen's death, the record book was continued by several others, including Benjamin Nones, Dr. Alexander Wertheim, Lewis Allen, Zalegman Phillips, and Abraham Hart.

Alan Corre, who served as rabbi for Congregation Mikveh Israel from 1955 to 1963 and who was an esteemed scholar of Hebrew Studies, and Malcom Stern, a rabbi and historian who has been described as the dean of American Jewish genealogy, published an article about this record book in The American Jewish Quarterly in 1969 (https://www.jstor.org/stable/23878015). In this article, Corre and Stern provided Hebrew translations for the prayers recorded by Cohen, and with the generous permission of the American Jewish Historical Society, those translations are now included in the transcription for this record. Corre and Stern also organized the data on circumcisions, marriages and deaths into tables, and provided detailed historical context for the records.

A prayer for the Eve of Kippur from Cohen's time in Montreal is found on page 1, and repeated with additions on page 93. The misheberach (public blessing) prayer is found on page 4, and escabot/hascabot (memorial) prayers are found on pages 6 to 8, 10, 19a and 19b of the manuscript. A copy of the Order of Service for the Day of Dedication (for Mikveh Israel's new synagogue) is found on pages 20 to 22.

Circumcision records are found on pages 14 to 17 and 23 to 25, and include date of birth, name of father, son's name, and date circumcised. 

Marriage records, called ketubot or ketubah, start on page 92 and run backwards to page 44. The ketubot are written almost entirely in an Aramaic-Hebrew idiom; however they are fairly standardized, and Cohen provides English translations of two Canadian marriage contracts on pages 88 and 92. Please see also https://www.sefaria.org/Ketubah_Text.4 for the traditional ketubah text, which may have been altered slightly in practice. 

A haliza document, releasing a widow from marriage to her husband's brother, is found on page 72.

Records of deaths in Montreal are found on pages 2, 3 and 5; records of deaths and burials in Philadelphia at Mikveh Israel are found on pages 18 to 19 and 27 to 41.  The latter records often include information on family relations and location of burial plots.</text>
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                <text>Pennsylvania--Philadelphia</text>
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