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                  <text>Founded in 1695, Christ Church was the first Anglican church to be established in Pennsylvania. This fulfilled the provision outlined by King Charles II in the charter he granted to William Penn in 1681 stipulating that if twenty individuals requested an Anglican clergyman the Bishop of London would appoint one. Accordingly, thirty-nine Philadelphians came together in 1695 to form Christ Church. Located on Second Street, just north of Market Street the Church transitioned from a small frame structure in its early years to the imposing Georgian structure built from 1727-1754 that still stands on the site today. Members of the Continental Congress and early government officials worshipped here and seven signers of the Declaration of Independence are buried on Church property. When the congregation grew too large to be accommodated here the vestry built St. Peter's at the southern edge of the city in 1760 and later St. James. Those United Churches remained a unit until the 1820s and 1830s. Christ Church is an active Episcopal parish today as well as a major historic site.&#13;
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                <text>Robert Jenney served as the Reverend of Christ Church from 1742 until his death in 1762.

Jenney wrote this letter "to the Subscribers for erecting a new Church in Philadelphia" in 1753. As the population of Philadelphia grew, Christ Church no longer had enough room, and as a result, some members wanted to build a new church. While Jenney approved of the goal to accommodate more congregants, he was concerned about the approach, and strongly believed that the new church should remain part of one congregation with Christ Church, led by the same vestry, with a minister licensed by the Bishop of London. As long as they followed the "established rules" of erecting new churches, he was willing to assist them however he could.

In 1758 the vestry of Christ Church authorized the construction of a new chapel at Third &amp; Pine Streets to accommodate its members living in the southern section of the city. St. Peter's Church, located at the corner of Third &amp; Pine Streets, and Christ Church shared the same vestry, ministers, and records and until they formally separated in 1832, and were known as the United Churches of Christ Church &amp; St. Peter's.</text>
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                  <text>Founded in 1695, Christ Church was the first Anglican church to be established in Pennsylvania. This fulfilled the provision outlined by King Charles II in the charter he granted to William Penn in 1681 stipulating that if twenty individuals requested an Anglican clergyman the Bishop of London would appoint one. Accordingly, thirty-nine Philadelphians came together in 1695 to form Christ Church. Located on Second Street, just north of Market Street the Church transitioned from a small frame structure in its early years to the imposing Georgian structure built from 1727-1754 that still stands on the site today. Members of the Continental Congress and early government officials worshipped here and seven signers of the Declaration of Independence are buried on Church property. When the congregation grew too large to be accommodated here the vestry built St. Peter's at the southern edge of the city in 1760 and later St. James. Those United Churches remained a unit until the 1820s and 1830s. Christ Church is an active Episcopal parish today as well as a major historic site.&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>Robert Jenney served as the Reverend of Christ Church from 1742 until his death in 1762. In this document, he writes: "I do declare that I will Conform to the Liturgy of the Church of England as it is now by Law established." Such a pledge of conformity was required to secure license to perform ministerial office in the colonies.</text>
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                  <text>Congregation Mikveh Israel (officially Kahal Kadosh Mikveh Israel), known as the "Synagogue of the American Revolution" is one of the most historic Congregations of Jews in the United States. The oldest Congregation in Philadelphia, Mikveh Israel was informally established by religious minded Jews in British America during the 1740s, and has become the second-oldest surviving Congregation in all of the United States. In Pennsylvania, and Philadelphia in particular, Jews found an environment of tolerance for their religious beliefs and traditions made possible by William Penn's 'great experiment'. The possibilities of economic and religious liberties in Philadelphia drew many Jews to the area, and by 1775 a community 300 strong existed in a city of 35,000.&#13;
&#13;
During the war of Independence, 1775-1783, Jews from New York, Easton, Lancaster, Richmond, Charleston and Savannah sought refuge in Philadelphia from the British occupation.  Many members joined the ranks of the Patriots and fought for the revolutionary cause.&#13;
&#13;
In 1782, the Congregation dedicated a new building on Cherry Street that sat 200 persons and had accommodations for the clergy adjoining it. In 1829 the congregation built an Egyptian Revival synagogue on Cherry Street. Designed by William Strickland, it is notable for having been one of the earliest Egyptian Revival buildings in the United States.  After moving out of Center City, along with much of Philadelphia's population in the first half of the 20th century, the Congregation announced in 1961 that it would return to construct a new house of worship. A modest building, initially shared between the Synagogue and the Museum of Jewish History, was dedicated and opened in August 1976. &#13;
&#13;
Among items in the archives of Congregation Mikveh Israel are letters written by George Washington and Abraham Lincoln, and a public subscription list for the 1782 building signed by Benjamin Franklin, David Rittenhouse, and other civic leaders.   Several notable ritual items also exist, including ornamental bells (“rimmonim”) crafted by renown silversmith Myer Myers.&#13;
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                <text>Two page manuscript documenting the previously secured Commonwealth approval for a lottery to raise money for repairs to Mikveh Israel's synagogue and burial ground, "and other purposes of relief," as well as laying out a detailed plan for how to structure the lottery.</text>
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&#13;
Records scanned for this project include minutes, pew records, deeds, and burial records.</text>
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&#13;
Records scanned for this project include minutes, pew records, deeds, and burial records.</text>
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                  <text>Congregation Mikveh Israel (officially Kahal Kadosh Mikveh Israel), known as the "Synagogue of the American Revolution" is one of the most historic Congregations of Jews in the United States. The oldest Congregation in Philadelphia, Mikveh Israel was informally established by religious minded Jews in British America during the 1740s, and has become the second-oldest surviving Congregation in all of the United States. In Pennsylvania, and Philadelphia in particular, Jews found an environment of tolerance for their religious beliefs and traditions made possible by William Penn's 'great experiment'. The possibilities of economic and religious liberties in Philadelphia drew many Jews to the area, and by 1775 a community 300 strong existed in a city of 35,000.&#13;
&#13;
During the war of Independence, 1775-1783, Jews from New York, Easton, Lancaster, Richmond, Charleston and Savannah sought refuge in Philadelphia from the British occupation.  Many members joined the ranks of the Patriots and fought for the revolutionary cause.&#13;
&#13;
In 1782, the Congregation dedicated a new building on Cherry Street that sat 200 persons and had accommodations for the clergy adjoining it. In 1829 the congregation built an Egyptian Revival synagogue on Cherry Street. Designed by William Strickland, it is notable for having been one of the earliest Egyptian Revival buildings in the United States.  After moving out of Center City, along with much of Philadelphia's population in the first half of the 20th century, the Congregation announced in 1961 that it would return to construct a new house of worship. A modest building, initially shared between the Synagogue and the Museum of Jewish History, was dedicated and opened in August 1976. &#13;
&#13;
Among items in the archives of Congregation Mikveh Israel are letters written by George Washington and Abraham Lincoln, and a public subscription list for the 1782 building signed by Benjamin Franklin, David Rittenhouse, and other civic leaders.   Several notable ritual items also exist, including ornamental bells (“rimmonim”) crafted by renown silversmith Myer Myers.&#13;
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&#13;
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&#13;
Records scanned for this project include minutes, pew records, deeds, and burial records.</text>
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&#13;
Records scanned for this project include minutes, pew records, deeds, and burial records.</text>
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&#13;
Records scanned for this project include congregation minutes, pew records, and lists of burials.</text>
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The history of First Presbyterian is sketched out on the verso of the first flyleaf, and the first few pages of the notebook contains a list of members from 1807. A list of communicants runs from image 116 to image 147, followed by several pages of certifications for members in good standing, and a list of members who had moved to other churches.</text>
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&#13;
Records scanned for this project include trustees minutes and pew records.</text>
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                <text>The Session is a body of elected elders governing a Presbyterian church. 

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Business includes: elections to office and appointments to committees; management of church finances, including financial assistance to the poor; church membership; and the resolution of conflicts between, and discipline of, church members.

Please note there are some page numbering irregularities in the original manuscript; image numbers will provide better identification of each page.</text>
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Records scanned for this project include minutes, pew records, deeds, and burial records.</text>
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&#13;
Records scanned for this project include trustees minutes and pew records.</text>
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                  <text>Presbyterians began gathering for worship in Philadelphia in 1692, sharing a building known as the "Barbadoes Warehouse" at Second and Chestnut streets with Baptists and Congregationalists. In 1698, the congregation officially organized as the First Presbyterian Church of Philadelphia. Six years later, the congregation moved to High Street (now Market Street) at the corner of Bank Street, and built the first Presbyterian church building in the city, known as "Old Buttonwood." Both the first American presbytery and the first synod met in this church building. In 1820, the church moved to a new building on the south side of Washington Square where it remained until the late 1920s, when it moved to 15th and Locust streets. In 1949, First and Second Presbyterian Churches united as First with the congregation moving into the Second Presbyterian Church building at 21st and Walnut streets, where the congregation continues today.&#13;
&#13;
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                <text>The Session is a body of elected elders governing a Presbyterian church.

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Session minutes begin on image 90. They run from 1830 to 1851, and note the date, members present, and business discussed.

Business includes elections to office and appointments to committees; management of church finances, including financial assistance to the poor; church membership; and the resolution of conflicts between, and discipline of, church members.</text>
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                  <text>Founded in 1695, Christ Church was the first Anglican church to be established in Pennsylvania. This fulfilled the provision outlined by King Charles II in the charter he granted to William Penn in 1681 stipulating that if twenty individuals requested an Anglican clergyman the Bishop of London would appoint one. Accordingly, thirty-nine Philadelphians came together in 1695 to form Christ Church. Located on Second Street, just north of Market Street the Church transitioned from a small frame structure in its early years to the imposing Georgian structure built from 1727-1754 that still stands on the site today. Members of the Continental Congress and early government officials worshipped here and seven signers of the Declaration of Independence are buried on Church property. When the congregation grew too large to be accommodated here the vestry built St. Peter's at the southern edge of the city in 1760 and later St. James. Those United Churches remained a unit until the 1820s and 1830s. Christ Church is an active Episcopal parish today as well as a major historic site.&#13;
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                <text>Correspondence details the decision to purchase a new organ for Saint Peter's Church. The folder also contains a list of desired specifications for the organ.

Additional records document a dispute with New York organ builders John Geib &amp; Son over travel expenses, and a draft contract with local builder John Lowe for $4,000, which the Vestry ultimately rejected due to lack of funds. The folder also includes a petition from organist Rayner Taylor requesting a salary increase due to the high cost of living, his subsequent resignation to take a better position at St. Paul's Church, and a petition signed by parishioners protesting a 25% increase in pew rents during 'times of Calamity.'</text>
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                <text>The records chiefly concern efforts in 1813 to procure a new organ for St. Peter's Church in Philadelphia. Thomas Cumpston, church warden, informed William Meredith and Horace Binney that the vestry had authorized them to dispose of materials from the old organ, apply the proceeds to a new organ, and lower the back portion of the organ loft floor to make room for the instrument [p. 1r]. A committee report notes that Meredith and Binney had conferred with the committee, that the committee had examined the organ at St. Paul's Church, and that the St. Peter's organ loft could accommodate an organ of sufficient power [p. 2]. The report estimated that, since the St. Paul's organ had cost more than $5,000, a somewhat smaller organ for St. Peter's would likely cost at least $4,000, exclusive of any allowance for the old organ materials [p. 3-4].

John Geib &amp; Son of New York submitted a detailed plan and estimate for an organ modeled on the Grace Church organ case, listing stops for the great organ, choir, and swell, along with pedals and coupling mechanisms [p. 6]. Their estimate totaled $4,865, including $4,500 for the organ, packing, transportation, cartage, travel expenses, and board for two people to install it [p. 7-8]. They compared the number of pipes in the Grace Church and proposed St. Peter's organs, and proposed completion within a year, with payment by installments [p. 7-8]. They also advised selling the old organ to the highest bidder, stating that only the metal would be of use to them and that even that might not justify the expense of removal and transportation [p. 7-8].

Subsequent letters from John Geib &amp; Son show that negotiations with Meredith did not lead to a contract. The firm billed Meredith $100 for William Geib's trip to Philadelphia, including stage hire, travel expenses, and time spent on the road and in Philadelphia [p. 10r-p. 10v]. In later correspondence, the firm objected to Meredith's refusal to pay the full amount, argued that its time and plans should be compensated, and acknowledged receipt of $50 as the only sum it was willing to accept [p. 11r-p. 11v]. A September letter again asserted that Meredith's promise to defray expenses should include compensation for loss of time, not merely travel costs [p. 16r-p. 16v].

The folder includes a July 29, 1813 letter from Cumpston stating that the vestry would not be a party to a proposed agreement between Meredith, Binney, and organ builder John Lowe because church funds would not permit it [p. 12]. A draft agreement with Lowe proposed that he build and install a mahogany-cased organ in St. Peter's Church for $4,000 plus the old organ, with installment payments and satisfactory security [p. 13-p. 14]. The attached schedule specifies the compass of the keys, stops for the great organ, choir, and swell, pedal pipes, coupling movement, ivory keys with ebony sharps, and two bellows [p. 14-15].

Additional records concern church music and finances. Rayner Taylor, organist of St. Peter's, petitioned the rector, church wardens, and vestry on September 14, 1813, for a salary increase from $93.32 per year, citing inadequate compensation, high prices for necessities and rent, and the demands of performing through summer heat and winter cold [p. 17]. In October 1813, members of the United Episcopal Churches petitioned for reconsideration of a vestry resolution adding 25 percent to pew rents, citing the "distresses and privations" of the period and requesting that the increase be repealed or suspended until congregants were better able to bear it [p. 19r-p. 19v]. A later letter from Taylor, dated November 15, 1818, states that he had accepted the position of organist at St. Paul's, with an adequate salary and an excellent instrument, and would discontinue playing at St. James's after the following Sunday [p. 20].</text>
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                  <text>Founded in 1695, Christ Church was the first Anglican church to be established in Pennsylvania. This fulfilled the provision outlined by King Charles II in the charter he granted to William Penn in 1681 stipulating that if twenty individuals requested an Anglican clergyman the Bishop of London would appoint one. Accordingly, thirty-nine Philadelphians came together in 1695 to form Christ Church. Located on Second Street, just north of Market Street the Church transitioned from a small frame structure in its early years to the imposing Georgian structure built from 1727-1754 that still stands on the site today. Members of the Continental Congress and early government officials worshipped here and seven signers of the Declaration of Independence are buried on Church property. When the congregation grew too large to be accommodated here the vestry built St. Peter's at the southern edge of the city in 1760 and later St. James. Those United Churches remained a unit until the 1820s and 1830s. Christ Church is an active Episcopal parish today as well as a major historic site.&#13;
&#13;
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The document details resolutions to collect subscriptions, appoint a treasurer to invest funds, and assess a semiannual fee on pew holders if a balance remains. It also authorizes a committee to contract for and superintend the building of the new organ. General Francis Gurney chaired the meeting.</text>
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                <text>At a meeting of the pew holders of St. Peter's Church, held on the evening of March 29, 1814 at the School House of the Academy of the Protestant Episcopal Church pursuant to notice given from the desk the previous Sunday, General Francis Gurney was called to the chair and Robert Murdock was appointed secretary. The purpose of the meeting was to receive the report of the committee previously appointed to obtain money by subscription to build an organ in the church [p. 1r].

Thomas W. Francis made a written report on behalf of the committee, which was read, considered, and unanimously adopted. The meeting resolved that the committee proceed in collecting subscribed amounts and pay them over to a treasurer; that two members of the church, along with the treasurer, invest the money to the best advantage subject to the order of the building committee; and that the pew holders obligate themselves to contribute toward any balance beyond the subscription by paying a semiannual assessment not exceeding 12 1/2 cents per seat for a period not exceeding four years. T. W. Francis was appointed Treasurer, and Messrs. Donaldson and Meredith were appointed to assist in investing the money. Messrs. Francis, Binney, and Meredith were authorized to contract for and superintend the building of the organ [p. 1r].

The report of the committee on St. Peter's Church organ was read April 18, 1814 [p. 1v].</text>
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                  <text>Founded in 1695, Christ Church was the first Anglican church to be established in Pennsylvania. This fulfilled the provision outlined by King Charles II in the charter he granted to William Penn in 1681 stipulating that if twenty individuals requested an Anglican clergyman the Bishop of London would appoint one. Accordingly, thirty-nine Philadelphians came together in 1695 to form Christ Church. Located on Second Street, just north of Market Street the Church transitioned from a small frame structure in its early years to the imposing Georgian structure built from 1727-1754 that still stands on the site today. Members of the Continental Congress and early government officials worshipped here and seven signers of the Declaration of Independence are buried on Church property. When the congregation grew too large to be accommodated here the vestry built St. Peter's at the southern edge of the city in 1760 and later St. James. Those United Churches remained a unit until the 1820s and 1830s. Christ Church is an active Episcopal parish today as well as a major historic site.&#13;
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The records consist of vestry minutes, parish records, accounting and financial records, deeds, architectural drawings, photographs, and audiovisual materials. In addition, there are materials from parish organizations and affiliated institutions such as Christ Church Hospital, Episcopal School, Christ Church Burial Ground, and Christ Church Preservation Trust.</text>
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                  <text>In 1742, the Moravian Church began holding services in Philadelphia under the leadership of Nikolaus Ludwig von Zinzendorf. On New Year’s Day in 1743, 34 members organized as a Moravian congregation in a new church building in Old City, at the corner of Race and Bread Streets. In 1820, the original church building was enlarged and remodeled. In 1856, a second church building was dedicated by the congregation, on Franklin and Wood Streets. A third and final church building was dedicated in 1893 on Fairmount Avenue, between 16th and 17th Streets, where it remained until the congregation’s official closing in 1965. Today, Redeemer Moravian Church continues the Moravian tradition in Southwest Philadelphia. Select archival records from this massive collection (54 boxes) of First Moravian Church were scanned as part of this project and include diaries, minutes, membership lists, church registers, and drawings.</text>
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                  <text>Congregation Mikveh Israel (officially Kahal Kadosh Mikveh Israel), known as the "Synagogue of the American Revolution" is one of the most historic Congregations of Jews in the United States. The oldest Congregation in Philadelphia, Mikveh Israel was informally established by religious minded Jews in British America during the 1740s, and has become the second-oldest surviving Congregation in all of the United States. In Pennsylvania, and Philadelphia in particular, Jews found an environment of tolerance for their religious beliefs and traditions made possible by William Penn's 'great experiment'. The possibilities of economic and religious liberties in Philadelphia drew many Jews to the area, and by 1775 a community 300 strong existed in a city of 35,000.&#13;
&#13;
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&#13;
In 1782, the Congregation dedicated a new building on Cherry Street that sat 200 persons and had accommodations for the clergy adjoining it. In 1829 the congregation built an Egyptian Revival synagogue on Cherry Street. Designed by William Strickland, it is notable for having been one of the earliest Egyptian Revival buildings in the United States.  After moving out of Center City, along with much of Philadelphia's population in the first half of the 20th century, the Congregation announced in 1961 that it would return to construct a new house of worship. A modest building, initially shared between the Synagogue and the Museum of Jewish History, was dedicated and opened in August 1976. &#13;
&#13;
Among items in the archives of Congregation Mikveh Israel are letters written by George Washington and Abraham Lincoln, and a public subscription list for the 1782 building signed by Benjamin Franklin, David Rittenhouse, and other civic leaders.   Several notable ritual items also exist, including ornamental bells (“rimmonim”) crafted by renown silversmith Myer Myers.&#13;
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                <text>A 1915 published report and social survey conducted by Christ Church in Philadelphia, detailing the community outreach of its Neighborhood House. The report provides a comprehensive house-to-house canvass of the district bounded by Seventh Street, the Delaware River, Vine Street, and Walnut Street.

The document serves as a valuable historical record of early 20th-century urban life in Philadelphia, capturing detailed statistics on population demographics, immigration, religious affiliations, and housing conditions. It highlights significant public health and moral concerns of the era, such as the prevalence of unsanitary privy wells, overcrowded tenements, and the dense concentration of saloons and sweatshops in the neighborhood.</text>
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                <text>This 1915 publication combines a rector's report with a social survey of the Christ Church parish district in Philadelphia, an area bounded by Seventh Street, the Delaware River, Vine Street, and Walnut Street. Rector Louis C. Washburn opens by defending the Church's contribution to social welfare and outlines four guiding "Key Words": Appreciation, Inspiration, Application, and Co-operation [p.3]. Observing the parish's 220th anniversary, he describes the partly built Neighborhood House at 20 North American Street, constructed at a cost of about $70,000, and its many agencies: a Lunch Room serving nearly 200 working women daily with an associated Vacation Fund, an Emergency Aid branch employing 25 unemployed women in supervised sewing, a Vacation Bible School, a modified milk distribution branch maintained by the Philadelphia Press, recreation opportunities, and a Boys' Club with a summer camp [p.4]. He recounts that the last dollar of building debt was paid in April 1915 and that a donor offered $3,000 toward the $10,000 needed to complete the third floor [p.7]. He also notes plans for a Day Nursery, then in abeyance because of the war [p.6].

The survey by assistant Francis M. Wetherill describes a door-to-door canvass conducted in the winter of 1914 by young women of the congregation, using cards with five questions on dwelling type, occupants and nationality, religion, children of school age, and remarks [p.9]. The methodology drew on the outline of the Social Service Commission of the Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America and the Trinity Church Social Survey of New York [p.9]. Detailed tables tabulate population, race, religion, children, and industries across thirty-four blocks [p.10-11], reporting a total of 62,457 working and living in the parish, with 58,935 working there, 3,522 residents, and 1,321 persons under fifteen [p.12]. The Sixth Ward's federal census population is shown declining from 10,004 in 1880 to 6,374 in 1910 [p.12].

Subsequent sections cover church activities [p.16-21], education [p.21-23], recreation [p.23], health [p.23-27], and housing [p.28-33]. The report documents vital statistics showing a Sixth Ward death rate above the city average, lists tubercular patients' addresses supplied by dispensaries and hospitals [p.25-27], and details unsanitary housing including condemned properties within 75 yards of Old Christ Church, hotels, lodging houses, tenements, and 124 privy wells [p.28-31]. Industrial conditions note about 60,000 daily workers, Jewish clothing sweat-shops along Market Street, and figures for the shoe, clothing, tobacco, wool, and office trades [p.33-34]. Centres of social uplift and public morals sections list charitable agencies, 65 saloons and 7 wholesale liquor dealers, pool rooms, and problems such as excursion steamer "speak-easies" on the Delaware River [p.34-39]. Wetherill concludes with seven constructive criticisms urging greater local awareness and responsibility, reduction of saloon licenses, improved sewer and drainage systems, a model tenement, a social center and playground, and expanded use of the Neighborhood House and the burial ground at Fifth and Arch Streets [p.40-42].</text>
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                  <text>A monthly meeting at Philadelphia was established along with Philadelphia Quarterly Meeting in 10mo 1682/3. Quakers first met in homes, but the first Bank Meeting House – the “meeting on the Delaware side” – was built late in 1683 or early in 1684, located on the west side of Front Street, north of Mulberry (Arch). A second meeting house was erected in Centre Square by 1687, but this was infrequently used due to its distance from the rapidly developing area along the Delaware. Construction began on the Great Meeting House on the southwest corner of 2nd and Market in 1696. In 1772, this meeting was divided, resulting in two additional monthly meetings in Philadelphia: Philadelphia Monthly Meeting for the Northern District and Philadelphia Monthly Meeting for the Southern District. The original meeting was then sometimes referred to as the "Middle District."</text>
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                <text>Quakers married each other in the presence of witnesses. This book, kept by women Friends, recorded intentions of marriage and the people and causes for distribution of funds. Laid in is another small book with additional marriage and fund disbursement information and 3 loose pages of accounts. Also includes some removals.</text>
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&#13;
The records consist of vestry minutes, parish records, accounting and financial records, deeds, architectural drawings, photographs, and audiovisual materials. In addition, there are materials from parish organizations and affiliated institutions such as Christ Church Hospital, Episcopal School, Christ Church Burial Ground, and Christ Church Preservation Trust.</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Letter from Thomas Cumpston to William Meredith regarding fundraising for an organ for St. Peter's Church in Philadelphia. Cumpston reports that several gentlemen belonging to St. Peter's Church had asked him about progress in collecting money for building the organ, and he requests that Meredith state how much had been subscribed and what more might likely be collected.</text>
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                <text>Organ (Musical instrument)</text>
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                <text>Church music</text>
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            <description>A summary of the resource.</description>
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                <text>In this letter dated 10 December 1812, Thomas Cumpston writes to William Meredith, Esq., concerning the fundraising effort for building an organ for St. Peter's Church. Cumpston explains that several gentlemen belonging to St. Peter's Church had called on him to learn what progress had been made in collecting money for the organ [Image 1]. He requests that Meredith state how much has been subscribed and what may probably be collected for that object, closing with respectful regards [Image 1].</text>
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>In the 17th century Swedish settlers landed on the banks of the Delaware River establishing churches in Wilmington,  Tinicum and by the mid-17th century in Wicaco outside of what would become Philadelphia. That latter church, Gloria Dei, is Pennsylvania’s oldest congregation.  The existing church was built between 1698 and 1700 and originally served  a Swedish Lutheran  congregation.  The church today is part of the Episcopal Diocese and a national historic site.   Archival records scanned as part of this project include vestry minutes, registers, financial, correspondence between the original Swedish parishes and the churches in Philadelphia, Delaware and New Jersey as well as their "miscellaneous records." </text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Tombstone inscriptions, 1877-1920</text>
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            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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            <description>A related resource that is substantially the same as the pre-existing described resource, but in another format.</description>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Record of the inscriptions on tombstones in the Gloria Dei Church Yard. Inscriptions include the deceased individual's name, dates of birth and death, and other information such as place of birth, occupation, names of family members, and epitaphs. There is an alphabetical index of names in the back of the book. 

Although the inscriptions were compiled in 1877, additions were made up to the 1920, which can be found in the loose papers folded into the book and also penciled into the book itself.</text>
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            <description>The size or duration of the resource.</description>
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                <text>221 pages</text>
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                <text>Manuscripts</text>
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="317628">
                <text>http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</text>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="317629">
                <text>eng</text>
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            <description>A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.</description>
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                <text>Gloria Dei Church, Philadelphia, PA</text>
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          <element elementId="91">
            <name>Rights Holder</name>
            <description>A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="317632">
                <text>Gloria Dei Church, Philadelphia, PA</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Gloria Dei Church (Philadelphia, Pa.)</text>
              </elementText>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
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                <text>Sepulchral monuments</text>
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                <text>Gloria Dei Church (Philadelphia, Pa.)</text>
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                <text>Lutherans</text>
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                <text>Cemeteries</text>
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              <elementText elementTextId="317638">
                <text>Burial records</text>
              </elementText>
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                <text>Lutheran Church</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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  <item itemId="1057" public="1" featured="1">
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            <element elementId="50">
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>Founded in 1695, Christ Church was the first Anglican church to be established in Pennsylvania. This fulfilled the provision outlined by King Charles II in the charter he granted to William Penn in 1681 stipulating that if twenty individuals requested an Anglican clergyman the Bishop of London would appoint one. Accordingly, thirty-nine Philadelphians came together in 1695 to form Christ Church. Located on Second Street, just north of Market Street the Church transitioned from a small frame structure in its early years to the imposing Georgian structure built from 1727-1754 that still stands on the site today. Members of the Continental Congress and early government officials worshipped here and seven signers of the Declaration of Independence are buried on Church property. When the congregation grew too large to be accommodated here the vestry built St. Peter's at the southern edge of the city in 1760 and later St. James. Those United Churches remained a unit until the 1820s and 1830s. Christ Church is an active Episcopal parish today as well as a major historic site.&#13;
&#13;
The records consist of vestry minutes, parish records, accounting and financial records, deeds, architectural drawings, photographs, and audiovisual materials. In addition, there are materials from parish organizations and affiliated institutions such as Christ Church Hospital, Episcopal School, Christ Church Burial Ground, and Christ Church Preservation Trust.</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Transcript of the Travels of Benjamin Dorr, 1819-1864</text>
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            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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            <description>A related resource that is substantially the same as the pre-existing described resource, but in another format.</description>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>Reverend Benjamin Dorr served as rector for Christ Church from 1839 to 1868, and undertook the difficult job of holding the congregation together during the Civil War.

Dorr traveled extensively throughout his life. This manuscript was copied from one loaned to a Dr. Hedrick in 1941 or 1942, and contains Dorr's notes about his many travels through the United States from 1819 to 1864. He often traveled through New England, but also visited the mid-Atlantic states, and even ventured into the deep South and as far West as the Green Bay area, stopping in Detroit and Chicago. He traveled by steamboat, stagecoach and horse; stayed with family and friends; dined with persons prominent in the military, church, politics and local businesses; and visited museums, hospitals, libraries, colleges, factories and local historical landmarks. He would sometimes preach and collect money for missionary work. The last entry details his visit to the Army of the Potomac in 1864.</text>
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            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
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            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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            <description>A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource.</description>
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                <text>Dorr, Benjamin, 1796-1869</text>
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                <text>Voyages and travels</text>
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                <text>Steamboats</text>
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                  <text>Philadelphia Monthly Meeting for the Northern District was established in 1772 by Philadelphia Quarterly Meeting by a division of the Monthly Meeting of Friends of Philadelphia. Its territory included the south side of Mulberry [Arch] Street and northward including Northern Liberties and Friends on the west side of the Schuylkill River. This Monthly Meeting included the Friends who worshipped in the "new" Bank meeting house and, in 1789, at the meeting house in Keys Alley.</text>
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                <text>A Travelling Certificate was issued by a meeting to a member in good standing (normally a recorded minister), allowing him or her to travel to other meetings to visit or preach. This is the certificate of William Savery.</text>
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                <text>Haverford College Quaker and Special Collections</text>
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                  <text>Historic St. George’s United Methodist Church of Philadelphia is the oldest Methodist Church in America. Located in Philadelphia, the Church was founded by Captain Thomas Webb and the Methodist Society of Philadelphia in 1769 for the purpose of practicing Methodist religion. In December of 1769, a Missionary of John Wesley,  Joseph Pilmore,  held the first prayer meeting at church followed later by Thomas Coke and Bishop Francis Asbury. Bishop  Asbury was the first pastor of St. George’s United Methodist Church and ordained as many as 35 ministers in the Methodist faith within America during his travels.&#13;
&#13;
Two African Americans, Richard Allen and Absalom Jones, licensed as lay preachers of Methodism eventually left the church because of racial tensions and formed two new congregations.  Richard Allen formed Mother Bethel African Methodist Episcopal Church.  Absalom Jones turned to the Episcopal faith and established  St. Thomas’ African Episcopal Church. &#13;
&#13;
St. George’s is  known as “the church that moved the bridge” as the Benjamin Franklin Bridge was rerouted in the 1920s, so the Church would not be demolished by its construction.  St. George’s records consist of conference letters, account books, baptism, death, and marriage records as well as Journals, Diaries, etc.&#13;
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                <text>Account book of trustee David Lake. The first two pages date from 1843 to 1844 and appear to be a listing of member's burials, with names and grave locations. The records then begin at 1806 and run to 1827. Lake notes the Church's need to raise money through subscriptions to buy more land for burials, although the page for subscribers' names only lists two people, from 1808. From 1809 to 1812 Lake records the money he paid for clothing on behalf of James Ware, David James, and William Lake. From 1814 to 1827, Lake records the amounts (in number of "coppers") taken out and returned, usually written to cash, but sometimes for services, bills, or specific individuals' names.</text>
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                  <text>Notable for its early leadership in Baptist organization and evangelism, the First Baptist Church of Philadelphia was prominent both in its region and city and in the transatlantic community of Baptists.  Begun in 1698 as a mission of the more suburban Pennepack (now, Lower Dublin) Baptist Church, First Baptist soon became the leading congregation for the city, region, and colonies, gaining independent status from Pennepack in 1746. &#13;
&#13;
In 1707 the church hosted the organizing meeting of the Philadelphia Baptist Association, the first lasting inter-regional organization of Baptists in America, and over the years provided a disproportionate share of this group’s officers.  From the beginning, the lives of this association and the First Baptist congregation were intertwined, with the church meeting house hosting meetings of the association and welcoming delegates, called messengers by the Baptists, from as far south as Charleston and as far north as Boston.  By the 1760s, the first decade for which minutes survive, the congregation had gained prominence beyond its modest size, including among the transatlantic Baptist network.  This prominence had to do with its leaders hosting and shaping the role of the Philadelphia Baptist Association, to which far-flung congregations wrote letters that began, “Dear Mother.” &#13;
&#13;
The life of the congregation and its leaders was also intertwined with that of its city, with several ministers taking teaching posts at the University of Pennsylvania, then the College and Academy of Philadelphia.  William Rogers, for example, came from New England to pastor the church but remained in that post for only three years, though active in the congregation and as a supply preacher until his death in 1824.  Like several other Baptist ministers, Rogers served as a military chaplain during the American Revolution, an event that made havoc of the congregation’s finances and leadership.  While these Baptists supported the American rebellion as a fight for necessary liberties, their former pastor Morgan Edwards criticized the rebels until 1775 when he was convinced to revise his opinion.   With his excellent preaching, historical research and publications on early Baptists, and support for formal education leading to the founding and support of Brown University, Edwards embodied the strengths of Baptists.  It was under Edwards’ leadership that First Baptist built a new and larger meeting house at the same time accepting the need to lend their pastor to the larger Baptist cause and arranging for supply preaching while Edwards traveled the colonies as an evangelist, church organizer, and historian of Baptists.  Despite these successful efforts toward gaining respect and leaders for Baptists, Edwards’ connection with the Philadelphia congregation grew strained during the 1780s, largely because Edwards struggled through bouts of drinking and subsequent church meetings for discipline, only being restored to the congregation’s fellowship in late 1788.&#13;
&#13;
When in 1814 Baptists from twelve states gathered to form a national organization in support of Baptist missions, the meeting was at the First Baptist meeting house in Philadelphia, with two of the four officials chosen being laymen from that congregation and a third, William Staughton, a former pastor.  Throughout the next century, the congregation grew in numbers and influence in the city and in national and global mission programs, despite conflicts related to theology, leadership, and relationships with daughter churches, including two competing First African Baptist congregations.  Its early interest in circulating religious pamphlets, as well as Philadelphia’s wealth of printers, made it feasible for American Baptists to locate their publishing operations in the city, where they remained until 1961, when operations moved to a new building and printing plant in Valley Forge.</text>
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                  <text>&lt;p style="font-weight:400;"&gt;Minutes Books of First Baptist Church of Philadelphia, A. D. Gillette, editor,&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;Minutes of the Philadelphia Baptist Association from A.D. 1707, to A.D. 1807&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;(Philadelphia: American Baptist Publication Society, 1851),  and William Williams Keen,&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;The Bi-Centennial Celebration of the Founding of the First Baptist Church of the City of Philadelphia&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;(Philadelphia: American Baptist Publication Society, 1899).&lt;/p&gt;</text>
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                <text>The meeting minutes of the Trustees of First Baptist Church from 1794 to 1836 contain the date of each meeting, the trustees present, the topics they discussed, and the resolutions they passed. Trustee business included appointments to positions such as treasurer and clerk; the management of donations and investments; oversight of record-keeping; payment to workers such as the minister and carpenter; and maintenance of buildings and burial grounds. There is an index on the inside back cover of the bound manuscript.

Note: The meeting minutes between March 1796 and February 1798 are missing from the original manuscript, which is why they do not appear in the digital version, and why the page numbering skips from page 8 to page 11. Also, page numbering on the original manuscript starts over at a new page 1 following page 89. To identify page numbers in citations, researchers can use the image number in combination with the page number.</text>
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                  <text>Third Presbyterian Church began in 1761 as an extension of First Presbyterian Church, located in a house at Second and South streets. In 1768, the congregation of Third Church moved into their new building at 4th and Pine streets. The church called George Duffield as their new pastor in 1771, without the concurrence of First Church. The resulting rift cemented the split between First and Third. The congregation still worships at 4th and Pine today although the building has been extensively renovated since colonial times. The church is popularly known as “Old Pine” while its official name is Third, Scots and Mariners Presbyterian Church, reflecting two of the mergers that comprise the continuing church.&#13;
&#13;
Records scanned for this project include trustees minutes and pew records.</text>
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                <text>Trustees minutes, 1771-1796</text>
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                <text>Inscribed as "The Pine Street Presbyterian Church Committee Book," this bound volume contains the minutes of the meetings of trustees of Third Presbyterian from 1771 to 1796. Each entry includes the date, place, members present, and business discussed.

Topics of the meetings generally include the collection of pew rents, settlement of financial accounts, improvements to the buildings and grounds, and management of charitable funds, as well as more specific entries such as the seasonal adjustment of service times and adoption of a new version of the Psalms. Of particular interest are the minutes pertaining to the call for George Duffield to serve as their new pastor, and the resulting rift with First Presbyterian Church.

The bulk of the minutes end on page 168, and pages 174, 175 and 176, which list the books and verses read from during services, are written upside down, so run in reverse chronological order.

Note: Prior to 1797, the Trustees were called "the Committee."</text>
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                  <text>Founded in 1695, Christ Church was the first Anglican church to be established in Pennsylvania. This fulfilled the provision outlined by King Charles II in the charter he granted to William Penn in 1681 stipulating that if twenty individuals requested an Anglican clergyman the Bishop of London would appoint one. Accordingly, thirty-nine Philadelphians came together in 1695 to form Christ Church. Located on Second Street, just north of Market Street the Church transitioned from a small frame structure in its early years to the imposing Georgian structure built from 1727-1754 that still stands on the site today. Members of the Continental Congress and early government officials worshipped here and seven signers of the Declaration of Independence are buried on Church property. When the congregation grew too large to be accommodated here the vestry built St. Peter's at the southern edge of the city in 1760 and later St. James. Those United Churches remained a unit until the 1820s and 1830s. Christ Church is an active Episcopal parish today as well as a major historic site.&#13;
&#13;
The records consist of vestry minutes, parish records, accounting and financial records, deeds, architectural drawings, photographs, and audiovisual materials. In addition, there are materials from parish organizations and affiliated institutions such as Christ Church Hospital, Episcopal School, Christ Church Burial Ground, and Christ Church Preservation Trust.</text>
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                <text>1.7.0.1; F61(a)</text>
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                <text>Correspondence and petitions addressed chiefly to Robert Towers and the Vestry of the united congregations of Christ Church and St. Peter's Church in Philadelphia. Materials concern church finances, property, bonds, pew rentals, charitable funds, and clergy compensation.

Includes letters from Cornelius Bradford and the heirs of the Bradford estate about settlement of a bond executed in favor of Dr. John Kearsley and vested in the Vestry; letters from Joseph Dobbins concerning Philadelphia property, money held by acquaintances, an annuity, and a proposed charitable benefit for poor widows; a petition from members of St. Peter's Church objecting to the practice of requiring payment of back arrearages before pews could be rented; and a petition from members of the united congregations asking the Vestry to raise the salary of Rev. James Abercrombie in order to prevent his departure for an Episcopal church in Baltimore.</text>
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                <text>This group of seven documents centers on the affairs of Christ Church and St. Peter's Church in Philadelphia. Several items concern a bond executed by William Bradford Sr. and the late Cornelius Bradford in favor of Doctor John Kearsley, which had passed into the possession of the Vestry. Writing from New York on May 15, 1786, Cornelius Bradford expresses astonishment that the bond had not been paid off, explaining he had long ago left money with his brother William for that purpose, and notes that if forced to pay again he expects the interest accrued "during the time I was in Exile in the late War" to be relinquished [p.1r]. On April 13, 1787, Catharine Bradford, Wm. Denning, and Wm. C. Bradford wrote to Robert Towers and the Vestry, pressing for a determination on the settlement proposed earlier by James Bradford [p.2].

Other letters come from Joseph Dobbins. An early note of October 28, 1769, arranges for a cast iron chimney case in John Drinker's store to be shipped aboard Capt. Strong or Jones [p.3]. Writing from James Island, South Carolina, on May 27, 1789, Dobbins outlines his intention to give up a lot in 5th Street and land west of the Schuylkill, along with money held by John Drinker, James Hamilton, and Paul Esling amounting to roughly 500 pounds, directing that the land be leased and the money invested for the benefit of Doctor Kearsley's charity for poor widows, in exchange for a quarterly annuity of 40 Mexican silver dollars for life [p.4]. A further letter from Charleston, dated March 23, 1790, discusses accounts, a draft in favor of Isaac Parrish, goods received, and the chimney case valued at £18 per ton [p.5].

A petition dated April 20, 1802, from subscribing members of St. Peter's Church objects to the practice of renting out pews, arguing that requiring back arrearages was a hardship that harmed both religion and the church's interests, and requests that unrented pews occupied without payment be rented out to enhance the church's annual profits [p.6r-6v].

Finally, a letter of July 12, 1796, from members of the united congregations expresses regret at the probable loss of the Rev. Mr. Abercrombie, an assistant minister invited by the Episcopal Church in Baltimore, unless his salary is made competent to support his family. The signatories, who include Robert Morris, Benjamin Rush, John Nixon, John Dunlap, and Moses Levy among many others, urge the Vestry to devise measures to prevent his removal [p.7r-7v].</text>
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                <text>Letters, petitions, and associated documents addressed to or concerning the vestry of the United Churches of Christ Church, St. Peter's Church, and St. James' Church in Philadelphia, dated 1803-1821. The documents concern church music and worship practices, including objections to reportedly "offensive" music at St. Peter's Church, Isaac P. Cole's resignation as clerk over limits placed on sacred music, and compensation for organ repair at Christ Church; financial and estate matters, including ground rents, charitable funds, the Dobbins estate, and the Mary Stephens estate; proposed property acquisition for a new Episcopal church; appointments and duties of church officers; library access for ministerial education; and requested improvements to the St. Peter's vestry room and Sunday school facilities.

Noteworthy items include an 1803 petition criticizing "Light airy and Unseemly Musick &amp; play House Tunes" introduced at St. Peter's Church; correspondence relating to a South Carolina bequest for a Philadelphia charitable institution; a proposal by the Female Sunday School Society of St. Peter's Church to help fund an addition for school use; and documents reflecting early nineteenth-century debates over sacred music, church administration, charitable education, and institutional finance in Philadelphia Episcopal congregations.</text>
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                <text>This collection of thirteen documents comprises correspondence and related records received by the Vestry of the United Episcopal Churches of Philadelphia between 1803 and 1821. The earliest item is a petition dated April 15, 1803, in which members of St. Peter's Church protest the introduction of "Light airy and Unseemly Musick &amp; play House Tunes" by the church's clerk, arguing that such tunes "defile the Service of the Sanctuary," and requesting a return to solemn, traditional psalmody sung in "our Good old Tenor" [p.1r-1v].

Several documents concern the settlement of the estate of Mr. Dobbins, who left his property to a charitable institution in Philadelphia. A letter from Thomas Jones of Charleston dated August 19, 1805 conveys the legal opinion of Henry Bailey, Esq. regarding the transfer of bank stock and the residuary estate [p.2]. A copy of the Vestry's reply of May 6, 1806 to Jones references a power of attorney sent to Judge William Johnson Jr. and Henry William DeSaussure to make releases and acquittances [p.3r-3v], and further correspondence discusses executor's commissions and the assignment of outstanding debts [p.4v].

A January 1, 1807 letter from George Sheaff conveys his sister Mrs. Muhlenberg's terms for the sale of a lot on Seventh Street near Market for erecting an Episcopal church, offered at $8,500 [p.5r-5v]. Hugh Still (or Hill) applies for the position of sexton of St. Peter's Church on April 6, 1807, supported by a list of recommending subscribers [p.6r-6v].

A March 26, 1813 letter from a committee of the Society of the Protestant Episcopal Church (William Tilghman, James Milnor, and William Meredith) proposes to deposit newly purchased modern divinity books in the churches' library to support the education of ministerial candidates [p.7]. Paul Beck Jr., appointed treasurer of Christ Church Hospital, writes on June 2, 1813 recommending the sale of 22 small, taxable ground rents (totaling $294.28) to purchase non-taxable ones, saving the institution about $60 per annum, and includes an itemized list [p.8r-8v].

Isaac P. Cole submits his resignation as clerk of St. Peter's Church on June 24, 1815, expressing discouragement that his efforts to promote "the Science of Sacred Music" and to establish a choir met with "almost uniform disaprobation" [p.9r-9v]. A memorandum dated April 18, 1819 concerns Samuel Volans's administration of the estate of Mary Stephens and the discharge of a bond and mortgage of $266.66 [p.10].

A petition dated June 19, 1820 from the Managers of the Female Sunday School Society of St. Peter's Church (signed by Thomas Clifford, First Vice, and A. Keasbey, Secretary) reports on their school of about sixty children and requests that the Vestry authorize the enlargement of the vestry room—for which they obtained a plan and estimate not exceeding $700, offering to contribute $200 themselves [p.11r-11v]. Thomas Loud, organist of Christ and St. Peter's, writes on April 30, 1821 requesting compensation of about $40 for Mr. W. Hall, who spent nearly three weeks repairing the Christ Church organ [p.12]. Finally, Francis Cooper, clerk of St. Peter's, protests in a letter of June 20, 1821 a reduction of forty dollars in his annual salary plus the loss of a perquisite for recording baptisms, amounting to a "dead Loss" of fifty dollars [p.13].</text>
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                  <text>Founded in 1695, Christ Church was the first Anglican church to be established in Pennsylvania. This fulfilled the provision outlined by King Charles II in the charter he granted to William Penn in 1681 stipulating that if twenty individuals requested an Anglican clergyman the Bishop of London would appoint one. Accordingly, thirty-nine Philadelphians came together in 1695 to form Christ Church. Located on Second Street, just north of Market Street the Church transitioned from a small frame structure in its early years to the imposing Georgian structure built from 1727-1754 that still stands on the site today. Members of the Continental Congress and early government officials worshipped here and seven signers of the Declaration of Independence are buried on Church property. When the congregation grew too large to be accommodated here the vestry built St. Peter's at the southern edge of the city in 1760 and later St. James. Those United Churches remained a unit until the 1820s and 1830s. Christ Church is an active Episcopal parish today as well as a major historic site.&#13;
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                <text>A majority of the documents in this folder pertain to discussions regarding the use of land surrounding the burial ground by various local fire companies and institutions. Institutions involved include the Amicable Fire Company, the Resolution Hose Company, the Hope Engine Company, and the M.E. Union Church.

Other notable documents include a letter from a congregant strongly advising the Vestry against hiring an assistant minister on a one-year probationary basis, arguing it would be detrimental to both the minister and the congregation. Additionally, there is a significant 1824 memorial signed by members of Christ Church, St. Peter's, and St. James proposing the separation of the United Churches into independent entities to increase revenues and the usefulness of the clergy.</text>
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                <text>This collection of correspondence and petitions was addressed to the Vestry of the United Churches of Christ Church, St. Peter's, and St. James in Philadelphia between 1822 and 1825, largely concerning the use of land surrounding the burial ground in Fifth Street.

Several documents relate to fire companies seeking to occupy Church land. A committee of the Resolution Hose Company petitioned the Vestry to confirm a grant of the site in Fifth Street formerly occupied by the Amicable Fire Company, and requested permission to extend and expand the building [p.1]. In their formal petition, the company noted it had been active since 1804 and had lost its previous home when the New Theatre burned in 1820 and was rebuilt [p.2]. The four surviving active members of the Amicable Fire Engine Company explained that their company was effectively dissolved, between 40 and 50 dollars in debt, with a broken engine estimated to cost 150 dollars to repair, and proposed bequeathing their engine and apparatus to the Resolution Hose Company; honorary members endorsed the transfer [p.3r].

Subsequent letters, addressed to committee members G. Bringhurst and Wm. Murdoch, negotiate the terms of building. The company initially objected to being required to build vaults beneath the proposed ornamental two-story house given its limited funds [p.5r-5v], but later agreed to undertake the vaults according to the Vestry's directions and to erect a building from a plan by Mr. Haviland, suggesting the Vestry contribute at least one hundred dollars toward the vaults [p.6r-6v]. In June 1823 the company reported having finished three vaults for the Church's use and again requested assistance in defraying costs [p.7]. The Hope Engine Company separately applied in 1823 for permission to erect an engine house on St. Peter's burial ground [p.8, p.9].

An 1825 letter from the Trustees of the M.E. Union Church requested that two windows opening onto the churchyard from their newly erected Sunday School building be permitted to remain for ventilation and light [p.10].

Two documents concern church governance rather than land. A copy of an 1822 letter from a self-described member and constituent urged the Vestry to abandon its plan of calling assistant ministers on a one-year probationary basis, arguing that turning a clergyman adrift after a year would be cruel and would injure the church's standing [p.4r-4v]. A memorial read in Vestry on 3 March 1824, signed by prominent members of all three congregations including Joseph Hopkinson, Charles Wheeler, William Rawle Jr., and members of the Ingersoll and Lewis families, requested the Vestry consider a plan of altering the charter to make each church independent for certain purposes [p.11r-11v].</text>
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                <text>This collection of correspondence addressed to the Vestry of the United Churches (Christ Church, St. Peter's, and St. James) covers various administrative and congregational matters from 1827 to 1832. Subjects pertain to a burial ground commemoration and a dispute over headstones; a gift to Saint Thomas Church of the crystal chandeliers from Saint Peter's Church; rights to church pews, most notably the complex legal transmission of the pew associated with Samuel and Elizabeth Powel; and a request of the Male Sunday School to take up a collection in aid of their services.

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                <text>Christ Church, Philadelphia, PA</text>
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                <text>This collection of vestry correspondence for the United Churches of Christ Church, St. Peter's, and St. James in Philadelphia covers the years 1827 to 1832, with one later letter from 1849. In an April 1827 remonstrance, Harriet Keatting objects to the anticipated removal of the headstone marking the grave of her parents, George and Margaret Fudge, who died in 1793 and 1797 and were interred in the burying ground at the corner of Fifth and Arch Streets; she opposes a plan by the family of her sister, Mrs. Fougeray, to replace the stone [p.1r-1v]. A May 1827 letter from wardens John Bowers and James Johnson of St. Thomas Church conveys thanks for the gift of the crystal chandeliers formerly belonging to St. Peter's Church [p.2].

An October 1828 petition, signed by members including John Markland, Thomas Hale, J. Read, and William Rawle Jr., requests that the vestry consider erecting St. James' Church into a separate corporation, attributing the churches' financial embarrassment to their union; it was read in vestry October 17, 1828, and referred to a committee [p.3].

Several items concern pew rights. An 1849 letter from William Watson to Joseph R. Ingersoll disputes the number of sittings in a pew held by his mother for 25 years [p.4r-4v]. An April 1831 letter from Mrs. Francis inquires about the terms for two seats formerly held by the late Mrs. Powel [p.5]. The most substantial correspondence, dated July 6, 1830 (with related dockets from February 1830), is from executor Edward Shippen Burd to the committee of vestry regarding two sittings in Pew No. 41 at St. Peter's Church held by the late Elizabeth Powel. Burd quotes at length the residuary clauses of Powel's will and includes a legal opinion by Horace Binney dated April 6, 1830, concluding that the pew interest should vest in John Hare Powel, whom Elizabeth Powel treated in loco parentis and who had adopted her name at her request [p.8-22].

A letter from Rev. William H. Delancey, dated April 16, 1832, declines the vestry committee's overture for a permanent connection with Christ Church, citing his obligations to the University [p.6]. Finally, an April 20, 1832 request from Clement English and Eliza C. Souder, a committee of the Male Sunday School of Christ Church, asks permission to take up a collection to address a debt of thirty-five dollars contracted in May 1831; the vestry declined to permit another collection but some individual members collected ten dollars, given to Mr. English on April 29, 1832 [p.7].</text>
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                  <text>Founded in 1695, Christ Church was the first Anglican church to be established in Pennsylvania. This fulfilled the provision outlined by King Charles II in the charter he granted to William Penn in 1681 stipulating that if twenty individuals requested an Anglican clergyman the Bishop of London would appoint one. Accordingly, thirty-nine Philadelphians came together in 1695 to form Christ Church. Located on Second Street, just north of Market Street the Church transitioned from a small frame structure in its early years to the imposing Georgian structure built from 1727-1754 that still stands on the site today. Members of the Continental Congress and early government officials worshipped here and seven signers of the Declaration of Independence are buried on Church property. When the congregation grew too large to be accommodated here the vestry built St. Peter's at the southern edge of the city in 1760 and later St. James. Those United Churches remained a unit until the 1820s and 1830s. Christ Church is an active Episcopal parish today as well as a major historic site.&#13;
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                <text>The folder contains correspondence and vestry records of Christ Church (Philadelphia, Pa.) from 1832 to 1836. It opens with a printed circular letter from Rev. James Montgomery, Secretary of the Corporation for the Relief of the Widows and Children of Clergymen, dated 14 May 1832, urging vestries to subscribe to the relief fund on behalf of their pastors and explaining the difficulty posed by clergy changing parishes [p.1].

A letter from Corrie and Hubie (19 September 1832) addresses the tuning and repair of the Christ Church organ, defending their work, noting a six-dollar charge to fix the pedal put out of order by laying the floor, refusing to have the organist sign their bill, and offering to resign the charge to "more competant hands" [p.2r-2v].

Records from November 1832 concern Christ Church Hospital and the Joseph Dobbins legacy of 200 shares in the Bank of South Carolina. The committee, alarmed by "public agitation in the State of South Carolina of a spirit of opposition to the laws of the United States," recommended selling the stock; the vestry passed a vote of thanks to Henry A. De Saussure of Charleston and directed the sale [p.3r-3v].

Correspondence from the Resolution Hose Company (10 July 1833) requests a ten-year lease renewal for ground occupied at the burial ground, hoping the vestry would not charge rent given the company's expense in erecting the building and vaults [p.4]. A subsequent letter (15 October 1833) records the company's agreement to pay an annual rent of twenty dollars, commencing 2 October 1833 [p.5].

A letter from the Revere Copper Company (J. Davis &amp; Co., Boston, 14 February 1835) to Moses Humpton discusses the difficulty of recasting a bell to match a chime, offering instead to select an existing bell at eight cents per pound difference, with accompanying cost calculations [p.6r-6v].

Several 1836 letters from architect Thomas U. Walter to Moses Kempton concern alterations to Christ Church. On 8 January 1836 Walter estimated the total improvement—including two furnaces, new pews, a western vestibule, stairways, new galleries, and removal of eastern stairs—at about $5,500, with new galleries and modern pews alone costing about $1,500, and declined to contract for the work owing to uncertain labor prices [p.7r-7v]. On 21 March 1836 Walter sent apologies for missing a committee meeting due to illness [p.8]. On 21 July 1836 he estimated replastering the entire interior (except the chancel) at $675 above the contract amount, requiring about one additional month [p.11], and Kempton replied on 22 July 1836 endorsing replastering the whole interior for a "finished &amp; complete whole" and noting a possible mistake in the amount named [p.12r-12v].

Other items include an inquiry from Jacob Ridgway to William Meredith, chairman of the committee of the vestry of St. Peter's Church (10 March 1836), about buying or leasing a church house on the south side of Mulberry Street near Front Street [p.9r-9v], and a letter from William Smith (7 May 1836) tendering his resignation of an appointment because he could not attend the approaching Convention of the Church [p.10].</text>
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                <text>Correspondence includes letters relating to church and organ repair and a thank you letter to a Frances Lapsley, who went to care for Rev. James when he took ill on a trip to Western Pennsylvania.

Other correspondence includes more typical subjects like parishioner's rights to pews, requests for marriage records, and church music. Letters between Horace Binney and Charles Hommann detail a dispute over changes to the congregation's music, leading to the organist's resignation.

A particularly interesting letter/report discusses the failure of public schools to teach the neighborhood children to read as a reason to maintain support of the church's Parochial Day School, noting that poor children attend public schools for years without learning to read.</text>
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                <text>This collection of fourteen documents comprises the correspondence of the Vestry of Christ Church, Philadelphia, from 1836 to 1847, touching on church repairs, the death of the rector, pew disputes, church music, parish education, and record inquiries.

Architect Thomas U. Walter wrote to Moses Kempton in August 1836 regarding plastering and the decision whether to paint the church walls, promising to examine the organ in New York on his return [p.1]. A later 1837 letter from Walter concerns an outstanding bill and his examination of stained glass belonging to Mr. Caldcleugh, which he found unsuitable because the gothic figures could not be adapted to the church's windows [p.7r, p.7v]. Thomas H. White resigned his vestry membership in July 1836 [p.2].

Several documents concern the illness and death of Rector Rev. John Waller James. The Vestry's letter of September 1836 to Frances Lapsley expresses gratitude for her Christian kindness in ministering to James, who arrived at Huntingdon suffering from a sharp dysentery during court week and lay in a crowded, noisy tavern until Lapsley cared for him night and day; the letter records his dying message that the congregation should "take heed to the words that he had spoken" [p.4r, p.4v]. Lapsley's reply of October 1836 acknowledges the Vestry's note [p.3]. Rev. Henry W. Ducachet offered in November 1836 to officiate gratuitously while the church was without a rector [p.5r, p.5v], and a committee requested Rev. W. H. De Lancey to preach a sermon on James's death [p.6r, p.6v].

Pew and sitting rights are addressed in Anna Maria Williams's December 1838 defense of her family's four sittings in Pew No. 12, held for 31 years and rented in the name of James Williams, against forfeiture for underletting [p.8r, p.8v], and in Thomas H. White's 1839 correspondence submitting documentary evidence—a receipt from Mrs. Anna Morris—to prove his father's title to a pew [p.9r, p.9v].

An 1844 appeal from the Wardens of the Church of the Nativity, Spring Garden, solicits missionary funds for a field of fifteen thousand inhabitants without any church [p.10]. Church music correspondence includes organist Charles Hommann's December 1844 resignation after his introduction of new tunes (including Mozart) met with congregational discontent [p.11r, p.11v], and Horace Binney's November 1844 letter as chairman of the Committee on Music, regretting the discontinuance of familiar tunes and noting that recent chants were too long [p.12r, p.12v].

An 1845 communication from the female managers of the Parochial Day School details the school's founding in January 1843, prompted partly by the observation that poor children attending public primary schools continued for years without learning to read; it recounts teacher turnover, declining enrollment, financial difficulties in meeting the teacher's $200 salary, and an appeal for the Vestry to subscribe $80 per annum for the education of ten poor Episcopalians, along with complaints about the unsafe and filthy entrance to the school building [p.13r, p.13v]. Finally, a June 1847 letter from James R. Hitchcock of New York inquires how to prove the marriage of Lewis I. Costigan, said to have been performed by a minister of the church between 1792 and 1798; a notation records that the name was not found on the register [p.14].</text>
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                <text>Correspondence of the vestry of Christ Church, Philadelphia, dating from 1856 to 1880. The documents include John A. McAllister's note presenting a photograph made from an 1787 engraving of the interior of Christ Church; the resignation letter of vestry member William C. Kent; a request from St. Peter's Church for a contribution toward the funeral expenses of Bishop Henry Ustick Onderdonk; a salary-related letter from a former assistant minister writing from Savannah during the Civil War; correspondence and a plan concerning property on West De Lancey Place; an invitation to the opening services of the new St. James's Church; and letters from architect Henry A. Sims regarding perceived imperfections in the parish building and proposed repairs.

The file also includes 1880 correspondence from assistant minister George Woolsey Hodge to the vestry concerning Rector Edward A. Foggo's request that Hodge resign, Hodge's conditional resignation, and his concerns for the chapel under his charge.</text>
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                <text>This collection of twelve documents comprises correspondence received by the Vestry of Christ Church, Philadelphia, between 1856 and 1880. It opens with an 1856 note from John A. McAllister presenting a photograph prepared from an old engraving of the "Interior of Christ Church in 1787," a plate originally published by James Peller Malcolm with Bishop William White's permission, with proceeds aiding the Society for Alleviating the Miseries of Public Prisons [p.1]. This is followed by William C. Kent's brief resignation as a vestry member, dated 4 June 1856 [p.2].

An 1858 letter from Horace Binney Jr., writing for a committee of St. Peter's Church, encloses a resolution authorizing payment of fifty dollars toward the funeral expenses of the late Right Rev. Henry Ustick Onderdonk and solicits Christ Church's participation [p.3r-3v]. An 1864 letter from Savannah, Georgia, by the former Assistant Minister (signed Cadwalader) to Peter McCall recounts a salary dispute: a $92 balance owed him was paid in depreciated Confederate currency worth only about $33 in specie, and he requests the difference be sent to his niece, Mrs. Mary S. Winslow of Roxbury, widow of Capt. Francis Winslow, U.S.N. [p.4r-4v].

An 1867 letter from Eph. Clark to Edward L. Clark discusses the offer of lots on West De Lancey Place for the Vestry of St. James's, with a diagram of the lots and their prospective owners [p.5r-6]. An 1871 letter from Warden G. W. Hunter invites the Vestry of Christ Church to the opening services of the new St. James's Church [p.7]. An 1871 note from G. Woolsey Hodge concerns a contested election and pending protests [p.8r-8v].

A substantial 1873 exchange with the architectural firm H. A. &amp; J. P. Sims addresses defects in the Parish Building. Henry A. Sims explains that his original design supported the floors with wooden columns, but that the Vestry objected to columns and to the interior height, prompting a revised design placing the large parish school room above and spanning it without adequate support, against his stated judgment; he argues the resulting fault is not his and that he should not bear the repair cost [p.9-14]. In a follow-up letter of 5 May 1873, Sims itemizes the work he proposes—reimbursing $55.85 paid to contractor R. B. Blake, adding a man hole to the roof deck, stopping a leak, and placing a flag stone under a wooden post—provided the Vestry pass a resolution accepting the work as final [p.15r-16].

The collection concludes with an extended 1880 statement by Assistant Minister George Woolsey Hodge to the Vestry, transcribing his correspondence with Rector Edward A. Foggo. Foggo demands Hodge's unconditional resignation based on a verbal pledge, refusing to reveal the complaints against him; Hodge tenders a conditional resignation tied to the appointment of a successor or the chapel's erection into a separate parish, which Foggo returns as noncompliant. Hodge defends his conduct, denies the accusations made by a lady formerly connected with the chapel, and stresses his six years of labor for the chapel while leaving the final terms to the Vestry's decision [p.17-24].</text>
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                  <text>Founded in 1695, Christ Church was the first Anglican church to be established in Pennsylvania. This fulfilled the provision outlined by King Charles II in the charter he granted to William Penn in 1681 stipulating that if twenty individuals requested an Anglican clergyman the Bishop of London would appoint one. Accordingly, thirty-nine Philadelphians came together in 1695 to form Christ Church. Located on Second Street, just north of Market Street the Church transitioned from a small frame structure in its early years to the imposing Georgian structure built from 1727-1754 that still stands on the site today. Members of the Continental Congress and early government officials worshipped here and seven signers of the Declaration of Independence are buried on Church property. When the congregation grew too large to be accommodated here the vestry built St. Peter's at the southern edge of the city in 1760 and later St. James. Those United Churches remained a unit until the 1820s and 1830s. Christ Church is an active Episcopal parish today as well as a major historic site.&#13;
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                <text>Correspondence pertains to many topics, including the separation of Christ Church Chapel from Christ Church, theological disputes regarding private confession, and church administrative matters. 

Noteworthy events detailed in the correspondence include Assistant Minister G. Woolsey Hodge defending his theological position and use of private confession against the Rector's demands for his resignation; Tobias Wagner objecting to women being allowed to vote on the release of the Chapel property; and Bishop William Bacon Stevens withdrawing a proposed compromise between the Chapel and Christ Church due to the Chapel congregation taking forcible possession of the building to form a new parish (Church of the Holy Communion). Additional letters concern financial transactions for Christ Church Hospital, the assignment of a pew for the Bishop's family, and Thomas H. Montgomery's resignation as Treasurer of the Endowment Fund.</text>
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                <text>This collection documents the controversy surrounding the separation of Christ Church Chapel from Christ Church, Philadelphia, in the 1880s. The most substantial item is a letter from Assistant Minister George Woolsey Hodge to the Vestry (14 January 1880) responding to the Rector's demand for his resignation. Hodge argues he holds his office by the same tenure as the Rector and cannot be removed except by ecclesiastical process [p.7]. He defends the teaching of private confession by the Rev. Mr. Percival, insisting it was misunderstood, and quotes the 1871 pastoral letter of the House of Bishops, which permits but does not compel private confession [p.4-p.5]. He denies violating any pledge regarding liturgical variations, noting no such pledge was ever exacted, and cites his introduction of weekly communion and a surpliced choir with prior notice to the Rector [p.8-p.9]. He compares the practice of varied customs among chapels to Trinity Church, New York [p.9-p.10], and closes with an apology and a farewell after ten years of service [p.10-p.11].

Tobias Wagner objects to votes cast by women on the release of the Chapel property, arguing women are not entitled to vote for Vestrymen [p.13]. Thomas C. Hand, holding a proxy for the ill George H. Flanagan, protests the refusal of Flanagan's vote against the separation as an infringement of his rights as a pewholder [p.14]. Bishop William Bacon Stevens withdraws his compromise plan (22 March 1880), citing the Chapel Committee's forcible possession of the Chapel, its effort to charter a new parish (the Church of the Holy Communion), and its disregard for diocesan canons [p.15r-p.15v].

W. H. Lansdale reports resigning from the trust holding title under the deed from James McCoy, with no transfer of property having been made [p.16r]. George E. Hoffman conveys resolutions from Christ Church Hospital requesting assignment of a $5,000 bond and mortgage and authorization to sell U.S. government loans held in trust [p.17r-p.17v]. Bishop Stevens thanks the Vestry for assigning a pew for the use of the Bishop's family [p.18r-p.18v]. Finally, Thomas H. Montgomery submits his resignation as a Vestry member and Treasurer of the Endowment Fund (10 May 1889) [p.19].</text>
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                  <text>Founded in 1695, Christ Church was the first Anglican church to be established in Pennsylvania. This fulfilled the provision outlined by King Charles II in the charter he granted to William Penn in 1681 stipulating that if twenty individuals requested an Anglican clergyman the Bishop of London would appoint one. Accordingly, thirty-nine Philadelphians came together in 1695 to form Christ Church. Located on Second Street, just north of Market Street the Church transitioned from a small frame structure in its early years to the imposing Georgian structure built from 1727-1754 that still stands on the site today. Members of the Continental Congress and early government officials worshipped here and seven signers of the Declaration of Independence are buried on Church property. When the congregation grew too large to be accommodated here the vestry built St. Peter's at the southern edge of the city in 1760 and later St. James. Those United Churches remained a unit until the 1820s and 1830s. Christ Church is an active Episcopal parish today as well as a major historic site.&#13;
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                <text>A majority of the documents in this folder pertains to the 1904 Easter Monday election. Of note was the issue of ending the rectorship of C. Ellis Stevens. Present are a high number of regret letters from various parish members explaining their inability to attend the vote. Edward H. Coates details the vestry's specific objections to Dr. Stevens, which included allegations of frequent inconsistency, falsehoods, drinking and intoxication, offensive manners, and worldly ambition.

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                <text>The folder opens with correspondence between George M. Coates and Hon. M. Russell Thayer regarding the proposed separation of Christ Church and Christ Church Chapel, in which Thayer advises that such a separation would require the concurrent assent of all interested parties, ecclesiastical authorities, and possibly an amendment of the Church's charter, and deprecates any premature attempt [p.1-5]. A brief 1889 letter records the resignation of Thomas H. Montgomery [p.6]. A lengthy 1893 legal opinion by Thayer addresses the qualifications of Vestrymen under the 1765 Charter and the Act of 1832, concluding that Vestrymen must have paid for a sitting for three successive years, and that seven members constitute a quorum with the Rector not counted as a Vestryman [p.7-18]. An 1896 opinion to Charles P. Keith weighs the risks of accepting the Act of 1889 and subjecting the corporation to cumulative voting under the Constitution of 1874 [p.19-21]. Additional Thayer opinions from 1894 and 1897 address the burial ground endowment trust obligations [p.22-23].

The bulk of the folder concerns the 1904 Easter Monday election held April 4, and the movement to sever the rectorship of the Rev. C. Ellis Stevens. Proxy appointments and letters from members abroad or ill—including Charles E. Coxe, writing from Rome [p.24-25], B. M. Campbell [p.32], Harriet M. C. Jacobs [p.33], Elizabeth Hays Da Costa [p.29], M. Russell Thayer [p.34], Richard Peters [p.35], Charles D. Clark [p.36, p.39], and Robert Ralston [p.37-38]—endorse the present Vestry's action. Central to this dispute is confidential correspondence between Edward H. Coates and T. Chester Walbridge: Coates enumerates the Vestry's objections to Stevens, including unreliability in statement, church accounts, and conduct (with allegations of intoxication), as well as offensive manner, intrigue, and worldly ambition [p.26-27]. Walbridge replies that while indebted to Stevens for personal courtesies, he cannot support him, yet urges consideration of Christ Church as a national monument akin to Independence Hall deserving perpetual protection [p.30-31].

A 1910 letter concerns a contract for church music referred to the Music Committee [p.40]. The folder closes with a 1922 letter from John C. DaCosta, 3d, humbly accepting his election to the Vestry and asking that his appreciation be conveyed to the body [p.41].</text>
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                  <text>In 1760 a group of congregants from Christ Church, supporters of the Rev.  William Macclanachan, an Anglican minister of evangelical leanings, formed a new church, seceded from Christ Church.  They drafted articles of agreement for a new church St. Paul’s and promptly set about raising funds to construct it.  Built on Third Street, below Walnut, St. Paul’s opened for services in 1762 and remained an active congregation throughout the nineteenth century. The Church’s building still stands, now home to Episcopal Community Services.  St. Paul’s records, housed at the Episcopal Diocesan Archives include vestry minutes, baptismal, marriage and burial records  as well as some financial records.</text>
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                <text>Minutes of the meetings of the St. Paul's vestry, from 1762 to 1774. Each entry records the date of the meeting, members present and business discussed. One of the main topics covered is the ill health of Reverend McClenachan and the subsequent need to secure an assistant minister and, eventually, a replacement minister. Other topics include: election of vestry members, wardens, clerks and sextons; appointments to committees; management of finances; pew assignments; regulation of burials, fundraising for an organ; building upkeep such as painting doors and windows; and the purchase of supplies such as candles and collection plates.</text>
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                  <text>In the 17th century Swedish settlers landed on the banks of the Delaware River establishing churches in Wilmington,  Tinicum and by the mid-17th century in Wicaco outside of what would become Philadelphia. That latter church, Gloria Dei, is Pennsylvania’s oldest congregation.  The existing church was built between 1698 and 1700 and originally served  a Swedish Lutheran  congregation.  The church today is part of the Episcopal Diocese and a national historic site.   Archival records scanned as part of this project include vestry minutes, registers, financial, correspondence between the original Swedish parishes and the churches in Philadelphia, Delaware and New Jersey as well as their "miscellaneous records." </text>
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                <text>Meeting minutes of the vestry of the United Swedish Lutheran Churches of Wicaco (Gloria Dei), Kingsessing and Upper Merion. The book begins with a partial index of contents, then the charter of incorporation for the three churches. Meeting minutes start in 1765, and include the date, list of attendees, and business discussed. Topics covered include, but are not limited to: election of vestrymen and selection of other church employees such as wardens, clerks and deacons; filling and supporting the position of minister; management of church finances, including rents and deeds; establishing rules for the management of the cemetery and assignment of pews; communications with Swedish royalty and church leaders in Europe; appointing committees and receiving their reports; assisting widows and the sick and poor of the congregations; and mediating conflict. Many of the early entries concern the vestry's defense of minister, Dr. Carl Magnus Wrangel.</text>
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                  <text>In 1758 the vestry of Christ Church authorized the construction of a new chapel at Third &amp; Pine Streets to accommodate its members living in the southern section of the city.  St. Peter's Church, located at the corner of Third &amp; Pine Streets, and Christ Church shared the same vestry, ministers, and records and until they formally separated in 1832 were known as the United Churches of Christ Church &amp; St. Peter's.  The formal separation agreement stipulated that records created prior to 1832 were to be maintained by Christ Church so researchers looking for pre 1832 information should check the Christ Church collections.  Records created after 1832 were maintained by St. Peter's.  Scanned for this project are minutes, pew rents and registers.</text>
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              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                  <text>St. Peter's Episcopal Church, Philadelphia, PA</text>
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            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
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                <text>Vestry minutes, 1832-1852</text>
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            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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            <description>A related resource that is substantially the same as the pre-existing described resource, but in another format.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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            <description>A related resource that is a version, edition, or adaptation of the described resource.</description>
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            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>1832/1852</text>
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            <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                <text>The vestry is the governing body of an Episcopal church; it is comprised of the rector and members of the congregation elected by other congregants.

The vestry minutes begin with a copy of the 1832 Act by the Pennsylvania legislature which separated Christ Church and St. Peter's Church into two separate entities. Minutes from the vestry meetings from 1832 to 1852 follow, containing the dates and locations of the meetings, members present, and business discussed. Topics covered include but are not limited to: the settlement of separate financial accounts following the split from Christ Church, the hiring of a new minister and assistant minister, election of vestrymen and appointment of organist and choir, purchase of a new building to house the Sunday school, collection of pew rents, improvement of burial grounds, management of the church's charity fund, and committee reports.</text>
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            <description>Spatial characteristics of the resource.</description>
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                <text>Pennsylvania--Philadelphia</text>
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          <element elementId="63">
            <name>Extent</name>
            <description>The size or duration of the resource.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="331472">
                <text>342 pages</text>
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            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="64">
            <name>Medium</name>
            <description>The material or physical carrier of the resource.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Minutes (Records)</text>
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                <text>Manuscripts</text>
              </elementText>
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            <name>Format</name>
            <description>The file format, physical medium, or dimensions of the resource</description>
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                <text>tiff</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="331476">
                <text>http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="44">
            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="331477">
                <text>eng</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Type</name>
            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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            <name>Is Part Of</name>
            <description>A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>St. Peter's Episcopal Church, Philadelphia, PA</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="91">
            <name>Rights Holder</name>
            <description>A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="331480">
                <text>St. Peter's Episcopal Church</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
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                <text>St. Peter's Church (Philadelphia, Pa.)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="331482">
                <text>St. Peter's Church (Philadelphia, Pa.)</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="331483">
                <text>Church records and registers</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="331484">
                <text>Episcopal Church</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="331485">
                <text>Church management</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="331486">
                <text>Church committees</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="331487">
                <text>Church buildings</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="331488">
                <text>Church finance</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="331489">
                <text>Charity</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="331490">
                <text>Episcopalians</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="331491">
                <text>Church history</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="331492">
                <text>Corporate minutes</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="331493">
                <text>Sunday schools</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="331494">
                <text>Pews and pew rights</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="331495">
                <text>Cemeteries</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="331496">
                <text>Church fund raising</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
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  </item>
  <item itemId="1168" public="1" featured="1">
    <collection collectionId="4">
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            <element elementId="50">
              <name>Title</name>
              <description>A name given to the resource</description>
              <elementTextContainer>
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                  <text>Gloria Dei Church, Philadelphia, PA</text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
            <element elementId="43">
              <name>Identifier</name>
              <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                  <text>Gloria Dei Church, Philadelphia, PA</text>
                </elementText>
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            <element elementId="41">
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              <description>An account of the resource</description>
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                  <text>In the 17th century Swedish settlers landed on the banks of the Delaware River establishing churches in Wilmington,  Tinicum and by the mid-17th century in Wicaco outside of what would become Philadelphia. That latter church, Gloria Dei, is Pennsylvania’s oldest congregation.  The existing church was built between 1698 and 1700 and originally served  a Swedish Lutheran  congregation.  The church today is part of the Episcopal Diocese and a national historic site.   Archival records scanned as part of this project include vestry minutes, registers, financial, correspondence between the original Swedish parishes and the churches in Philadelphia, Delaware and New Jersey as well as their "miscellaneous records." </text>
                </elementText>
              </elementTextContainer>
            </element>
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    </itemType>
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        <description>The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/.</description>
        <elementContainer>
          <element elementId="50">
            <name>Title</name>
            <description>A name given to the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Vestry minutes, 1838-1860</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
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          <element elementId="43">
            <name>Identifier</name>
            <description>An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context</description>
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                <text>GloriaDei.MinuteBook1838-1860</text>
              </elementText>
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            <description>A related resource that is substantially the same as the pre-existing described resource, but in another format.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="317422">
                <text>https://www.philageohistory.org/rdic-images/iiif.cfm/GloriaDei.MinuteBook1838-1860/manifest</text>
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            <name>Has Version</name>
            <description>A related resource that is a version, edition, or adaptation of the described resource.</description>
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              <elementText elementTextId="317423">
                <text>thumb:001:https://www.philageohistory.org/rdic-images/common/get-jpeg-small.cfm/GloriaDei.MinuteBook1838-1860.001.jpg</text>
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                <text>full:001:https://www.philageohistory.org/rdic-images/common/get-jpeg-book.cfm/GloriaDei.MinuteBook1838-1860.001.jpg</text>
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            <name>Date</name>
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            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>1838/1860</text>
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          <element elementId="41">
            <name>Description</name>
            <description>An account of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="317426">
                <text>The manuscript begins with a transcription of the by-laws of Wicacoe Church adopted on December 3, 1838, which include the duties of the warden, secretary, and sexton, and policies for interment of members. Vestry minutes follow, including the place and date of the meeting, members present, and business discussed. 

Business includes, but is not limited to: collection of pew rents; record keeping; elections to leadership and appointments to committees; resignations, appointments and payment of staff; upkeep of building and grounds; fundraising for the mission society and Sunday school; and preparation of a charter to be reviewed by the state legislature.</text>
              </elementText>
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            <name>Spatial Coverage</name>
            <description>Spatial characteristics of the resource.</description>
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                <text>Pennsylvania--Philadelphia</text>
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          <element elementId="63">
            <name>Extent</name>
            <description>The size or duration of the resource.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>212 pages</text>
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            <description>The material or physical carrier of the resource.</description>
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                <text>Minutes (Records)</text>
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                <text>Manuscripts</text>
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            <name>Format</name>
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                <text>tiff</text>
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            <name>Rights</name>
            <description>Information about rights held in and over the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="317432">
                <text>http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/</text>
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            <name>Language</name>
            <description>A language of the resource</description>
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                <text>eng</text>
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            <description>The nature or genre of the resource</description>
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                <text>Text</text>
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            <name>Is Part Of</name>
            <description>A related resource in which the described resource is physically or logically included.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Gloria Dei Church, Philadelphia, PA</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="91">
            <name>Rights Holder</name>
            <description>A person or organization owning or managing rights over the resource.</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
              <elementText elementTextId="317436">
                <text>Gloria Dei Church, Philadelphia, PA</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="39">
            <name>Creator</name>
            <description>An entity primarily responsible for making the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Gloria Dei Church (Philadelphia, Pa.)</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
          <element elementId="49">
            <name>Subject</name>
            <description>The topic of the resource</description>
            <elementTextContainer>
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                <text>Gloria Dei Church (Philadelphia, Pa.)</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="317439">
                <text>Corporate minutes</text>
              </elementText>
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                <text>Church management</text>
              </elementText>
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                <text>Church finance</text>
              </elementText>
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                <text>Church committees</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="317443">
                <text>Church buildings</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="317444">
                <text>Cemeteries</text>
              </elementText>
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                <text>Church fund raising</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="317446">
                <text>Missionaries</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="317447">
                <text>Religious education</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="317448">
                <text>Sunday schools</text>
              </elementText>
              <elementText elementTextId="317449">
                <text>Charters</text>
              </elementText>
            </elementTextContainer>
          </element>
        </elementContainer>
      </elementSet>
    </elementSetContainer>
  </item>
</itemContainer>
